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Carbon steels such as API 5L X65 are widely used oil and gas exploration, production and transportation service. However, these steels tend to corrode in the presence of wet CO2 and corrosion is more pronounced in the presence of dissolved salts and acids. Other metals, alloys and polymers also degrade in the presence of high pressure gaseous and supercritical CO2. The corrosion rate of carbon steels in some aqueous environments have been reported to be more than a few millimeters per year.9-10 The situation could be further exacerbated by H2S where cracking can be an issue for high strength steels.
Carbon steels and low alloy steels are the workhorse of several industries where properties such as strength, fracture toughness and weldability play a key role. In addition to these properties, carbon steels are also the most cost effective materials is several applications. Of particular interest is the API 5L X65 which is widely used in oil and gas exploration, production and transportation service.