AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'deposits'

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51316-7263-CaCO3 Scale Risk Assessment - Thermodynamics vs Kinetics

Product Number: 51316-7263-SG

ISBN: 7263 2016 CP

Author: Tao Chen

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Thermodynamic scale prediction and laboratorial kinetic study are two of the major scale risk assessment methods applied in the oil and gas industry.

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51317-9481- Benefits of Partial Removal of Corrosion Deposits from Nuclear Steam Generators: ASCA and CODE Applications

Product Number: 51317-9481-SG

ISBN: 9481 2017 CP

Author: Chuck Marks / Marc A. Kreider / Michael J. Little / Robert D. Varrin Jr.

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Nuclear steam generators (SG) are subject to the accumulation of corrosion product deposits on heated tube surfaces and other internal components. In the past 15 years, processes to periodically remove only a fraction of the deposit inventory have been developed that save time, money and effort.

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51318-11320-Study of Repetitive Failure of a Gas/Gas Heat Exchanger

Product Number: 51318-11320-SG

Author: Saleh Al-Sulaiman / Sundip Kuthe / Sharad Londhe / Abdul Razzaq Al-Shamari

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

A case history of repeated failure of a gas/gas shell and tube heat exchanger in a gas dehydration unit in a gathering center. The investigation showed that corrosion products had resulted in the blockage.

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Evaluation of Underdeposit Corrosion Beneath Sludge Solids

Product Number: 51324-20908-SG

Author: Joshua T. Boerstler; Pavan K. Shukla; Bruce J. Wiersma; Roderick E. Fuentes

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The presence of sludge-like deposits and interstitial liquid may create susceptibility to underdeposit corrosion in high-level waste tanks. As the sludge deposits form occluded regions or crevices with the tank bottom, the chemistry of interstitial liquid could become sufficiently aggressive to promote accelerated localized corrosion around or beneath the sludge deposits. This work seeks to evaluate the conditions necessary for underdeposit corrosion to occur and the nature of attack utilizing short term electrochemical techniques. Carbon steel coupons were exposed to a matrix of varying sludge conditions including wet sludge, compressed wet sludge, and dried, adherent sludge deposits to determine the conditions under which susceptibility to underdeposit corrosion exists. During the exposure, a number of electrochemical techniques were utilized to evaluate the susceptibility to underdeposit corrosion, including open circuit potential monitoring, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization. In addition, coupons were evaluated post exposure using laser confocal microscopy to evaluate the extent and nature of underdeposit attack.

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Influence of Pb and Cl in Waste Wood Fuel on Furnace Wall Corrosion of Low Alloyed Steel and Alloy 625

Product Number: 51324-21033-SG

Author: Annika Talus; Rikard Norling; Alice Moya Núñez

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Firing waste wood in thermal power plants can lead to furnace wall corrosion due to corrosive elements such as chlorine, heavy metals, and alkali metals present in the fuel. This study investigates the influence of lead and chlorine on furnace wall corrosion of a low alloyed steel (16Mo3) and a nickel-based alloy (Alloy 625) during two field exposures using an air-cooled probe. Two two-week long test campaigns firing two different waste wood fuels (higher and lower lead and chlorine content) were carried out, exposing samples having metal temperatures in the interval 350-400 °C. The corrosion rates were determined using thickness loss measurements. The samples were examined using SEM/EDS/WDS and XRD techniques, to characterize the morphology and composition of the corrosion products. The findings suggest that higher lead and chlorine content in the fuel results in a higher corrosion rate for both materials; aggravated further above 370 °C. On 16Mo3 samples, iron oxides and chlorides, and chlorine-rich compounds are observed. Pits are observed on Alloy 625 samples, filled with nickel- and chromium-containing oxides mixed with corrosive species. The presence of lead compounds (e.g. lead molybdate) in connection to pits suggests active participation of lead in the corrosion process above 370 °C.

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Internal Corrosion of Flare Header - A Case Study

Product Number: 51324-21201-SG

Author: Ayman A. Alabdullatif; Lay Seong Teh; Hatam Mehraz; Anaam H. Shaikh Ali

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In a major gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) in Saudi Arabia, a major flare header suffered from severe internal corrosion. Upon analyzing the scale and sludge that was found accumulated in the line, a significant proportion of elemental sulfur was identified. This indicated that in addition to hydrogen sulfide and water (which were expected to be present in the line), significant amount of oxygen was also present. An investigation was conducted to identify the source of this oxygen and to eliminate it. Other critical factors that impacted the internal corrosion were also identified. The line was not properly sloped to drain accumulated moisture. Knock-out boot levels were often high and not regularly drained. In addition, purge gas was not operated at rates adequate to sweep any accumulated liquids. All of these factors combined led to an accelerated deterioration of the header.

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Review of a Refinery Boiler Tube Failure

Product Number: 51323-19067-SG

Author: Darrell Freeman, Ryan Horsley, David Whitt, Mel J. Esmacher

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In late 2021, several leaks were observed inside the waste heat boiler coil of the steam reformer furnace at the refinery. The leaks were located in the first row of tubes of the hot bank in the vertically-oriented coil, where boiler water inside the tubes is heated via waste heat of the reformer stack. The waste heat boiler coil has a design duty of 69.59 MMBtu/hr (~20.4 MW), with design pressures and temperatures of 1010 psig (6.9 MPa) and 700°F (371°C), respectively.

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Study On Elemental Sulfur Formation From Black Powder Deposits

Product Number: 51322-17678-SG

Author: Yousef Khuraibut

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Black Powder is a phenomenon that all oil and gas companies are facing and presenting a variety of problems in associated processing equipment and pipelines, such as flow inefficiency, product contamination, wear, plugging and under deposit corrosion, among others. Another major concern is the possible formation of elemental Sulfur (S8), which could be produced as a by-product of oxidation of iron sulfides. It also can be produced from H₂S dissociation at elevated temperatures or by microbiological reactions, involving the reduction of sulfate.

Products tagged with 'deposits'

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