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HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Ordering, cleaning, coating, inspecting, handling, transporting & installing steel reinforcing bars. Fusion-bonded epoxy powder coatings by electrostatic spray. For owners, architects, engineers & contractors.
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Provides requirements to: (1) Identify structures at risk for below-grade corrosion; (2) Inspect (3) Categorize (4) Prioritize (5) Identify next steps. Limited to steel transmission towers, poles, and substation structures.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Defines the Very Thorough Cleaning (WJ-1) degree of surface cleanliness - one of four levels (WJ- 1,2,3,4) achieved by the use of waterjet cleaning.
Defines the Clean to Bare Substrate (WJ-1) degree of surface cleanliness of coated or uncoated metallic substrates achieved by the use of waterjet cleaning. Other degrees listed in overview below.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Defines the Very Thorough Cleaning (WJ-2) degree of surface cleanliness - one of four levels (WJ- 1,2,3,4) achieved by the use of waterjet cleaning.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Defines the Thorough Cleaning (WJ-3) degree of surface cleanliness - one of four levels (WJ- 1,2,3,4) achieved by the use of waterjet cleaning.
Defines Thorough Cleaning (WJ-3) degree of surface cleanliness of metallic substrates by use of waterjet cleaning. One of four (Clean to Bare Substrate, Very Thorough, Thorough, Light).
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Defines the Light Cleaning (WJ-4) degree of surface cleanliness - one of four levels (WJ- 1,2,3,4) achieved by the use of waterjet cleaning.
The practice of lining concrete substrates has increased exponentially over the past thirty (30) years, most notably in the wastewater treatment industry. Environmental regulations, coupled with changes to treatment processes, have resulted in far more severe environments in which concrete can and will corrode.
Friction stir welding procedure development was initiated on steel grades S460 G2+M and S690QL1 in plate wall thicknesses of 10 and 15mm. In order to tackle the challenges of the high mechanical loads on the tool as well as its premature wear, a combination of preheating and optimized weld backing set-up was implemented. The inductive preheating allowed a 28% reduction in welding torque and a significant reduction of the tool wear, particularly during the critical initial plunge of the tool within the base material. A comparison of Mo-based and W-based tool was performed, allowing identifying the W-based tool as having a better combination of high temperature strength and wear resistance. Different backing arrangements and materials were investigated. Ceramic backing inlays were used in order to reduce the heat loss at the root area and maintain an acceptable stirring of this zone to achieve full penetration welds. The welds quality was assessed via metallurgical examination, bend tests, and confirmed the possibility to perform sound full-penetration, one-sided welds. The contribution of the preheating to the process as well as the quality and mechanical properties of the welds will be discussed here.