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The Thunder Horse project’s sub-sea flow-lines were installed in 6,000’ water depths and filled with chemically treated seawater. After 2 years, investigations were done to determine continued effectiveness of the chemical treatments.
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In this paper the compatibility of the biocide tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and the oxygen scavenger ammonium bisulfite (ABS) were explored. Performance testing of both the biocide in the presence of the oxygen scavenger and the oxygen scavenger in the presence of biocide are reported.
This paper presents new applications of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (VCI) inside new and/or existing out-of-service pipelines. The system utilizes a combination of soluble and volatile corrosion inhibitors that are directly applied into the pipeline.
The study presents the internal corrosion direct assessment (ICDA) of a 48” x 18.7 km liquid petroleum pipeline carrying crude oil from a subsea pipeline end manifold (PLEM) to the onshore crude oil tank facilities.
Pressure testing is a standard practice used to validate the condition of new pipelines (prior to wet commissioning) and may also be used to revalidate the integrity of older pipelines. Since water is the primary medium for pressure testing, the process has been termed hydrostatic testing or hydrotesting. While the low cost, accessibility and environmental impact are primary drivers for use of water, the inherent corrosiveness of water poses an asset integrity challenge.
The annual natural gas demand in the United States surpassed 31 trillion cubic feet in 2019. This is over a 500% increase from demand in the 1950’s (5.7 trillion cubic feet) [1]. As gas demand continues to rise, pipeline operators have limited options to meet demand requirements. Pressure uprating is one option that can be leveraged for certain pipelines to meet the increased demand economically.