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It is well known that H2S promotes hydrogen entry into steels that may result in many types of steel failures. This paper examines the influence of traces of oxygen on corrosion and hydrogen charging of steel in an H2S containing environment.
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Continuous wash water injection in gas recovery units (GRU) is a best practice for corrosion control. The case study describes failures that occurred in the wash water injection system.
Volumetric Ultrasonic Testing (phased array) thickness measurements performed on the absorber column of a gas dehydration unit (GDU) found laminations and inclusions. The component could not continue in operation unless mitigating actions were taken.
Hydrogen embrittlement is a process that results in a decrease of the ductility of metals as a result of absorbed hydrogen. Advanced high-strength steels used in the automotive industry are materials that are considered prone to hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen can enter the material during steelmaking or processing steps, such as pickling, cleaning, phosphating, and electroplating.
Over the past two decades, bio-based fuel-grade ethanols (BFGEs), derived from a variety of agriculture feedstocks (e.g., corn, sugar cane, soybean oil, and sugar beet), are increasingly being used as a renewable energy source to reduce the dependence of fossil fuels for motor vehicle applications. One cost-effective and environmentally benign way to transport BFGEs is through steel transmission pipelines. However, cases of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in the transportation of BFGEs have been documented including some in pipelines.
Pipeline steels higher than API X80 grade ad subject to hydrogen embrittlement risk induced by the hydrogen evolution effect under cathodic protection. This paper focuses on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviors of API X70, X80 and X90 high strength pipeline steel under cathodic protection in soil simulation conditions.
With the increasing global energy demand, the transportation volume of natural gas increases rapidly, and pipeline transportation has become the most commonly used transportation mode of natural gas. Hydrogen is produced as a byproduct of ethylene production from ethane. Hydrogen is flammable and explosive. If it is directly discharged into the atmosphere, there are some safety risks. As a kind of efficient and clean secondary energy, hydrogen can not only avoid energy waste, but also increase economic benefit if it is mixed into natural gas pipeline.