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This paper will discuss a significant project where various materials for Dual Laminate piping, both composite and metallic were thoroughly evaluated. The end result was selection in favor of a Dual Laminate pipiing system.
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Investigating corrosion properties and electrochemical behavior of different grades of duplex stainless steels with varying chemical composition and microstructure in high pH caustic and sulfide containing caustic solutions at different temperatures.
Case study: Cracking occurred in a (UNS S32100) type austenitic stainless steel nozzle fitting at a low point in the reactor effluent piping in a Gasoil Hydrotreater unit following start up. Normal preventive measures had been taken. The failed sample was removed for metallurgical analysis and determination of mechanism(s).
Brief descriptions of the mechanisms of common types of corrosion attacks in petrochemical and refinery environments viz. Wet H2S, Caustic, Amine, Carbonate corrosion and cracking.
Ni-based alloys and stainless steels have superior mechanical properties and good resistance to general and localized corrosion, mainly due to the formation of a passive film. Due to their properties, Ni-basedalloys and stainless steels have been historically used in applications where an aggressive environment is involved. For example, Ni- and Fe- based alloys have been extensively used in the nuclear powerindustry. Despite their good corrosion performance, these materials have been shown to suffer from environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in certain environments.
This standard practice is intended to provide guidance to those designing, fabricating, and/or maintaining refinery equipment and piping that are exposed to caustic environments.
Caustic is used in many petroleum refinery applications in a wide range of concentrations and temperatures. Caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel (CS) equipment has been reported in industry since the 1930s, e.g., in riveted steam boilers. NACE has published guidance for handling sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the form of a “Caustic Service Chart” since at least the mid-1960s.