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Here we would like to elaborate on corrosion risk associated with coatings that shield cathodic protection.
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An experiment to simulate bare field joint configuration under cathodic protection over a long term exposure in seawater on a 3LPE coated pipe section in renewed seawater and half-buried in mud. Results conclude that the bare field joint concept is feasible.
Tests to investigate the effect of soil and disbondment configuration on CP penetration into coating disbondment. Experimental setup measured the pH and potential of pipeline steel under a disbonded coating without disturbing the environment inside.
Cathodic protection (CP) is a well-established technique that effectively prevents corrosion of metals by adjusting the equilibrium potential of metallic structures in an electronegative direction. As the applied current increases, it reduces the anodic dissolution rate, thus leading to a decrease in the corrosion rate. The effectiveness of CP can be confirmed by measuring the protection potential values along the structures, ensuring the uniformity of the applied current, and observing the resultant potential distribution in the field.
The hydrocarbon exploration in the ocean and deep sea was started as early as early as the 1850s, when the first drilling was carried out in California, USA. Other early oil explorations activities were later recorded in Pakistan (1886), Peru (1869), India (1890) and Dutch East Indies (1893).1 In 1930s, the development of the Gulf of Mexico as an offshore area started with oil first being produced in 1938.1 The production from the North Sea brought more technical challenges to the offshore industry.
Shielding of cathodic protection (CP) by disbonded coatings is considered a “worst case scenario” for external corrosion in the pipeline industry. It has been hypothesized that if coatings were partially permeable to CP, the imbalance between cathodic and anodic reactions would induce a high pH environment under disbonded coatings and that would impede corrosion. However, direct experimental evidence of this process has been limited. Moreover, this line of reasoning is often inversed incorrectly assuming that the only reason for the presence of a high pH environment under disbonded coatings is their partial permeability to CP current.
The recent development of an electrochemical self-validating technique to measure the relatively small ionic currents that could permeate through defect free coatings has shed a new light on the topic. It has been found that most of the commercial pipeline coatings tested in unaged conditions present a CP shielding behavior. Accelerated hydrothermal ageing of fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings was performed to study the effect of water absorption. Ageing resulted in major plasticization, which increased the conduction of CP current through FBE coatings. However, FBE seems to be partially permeable to H+ and/or OH-, which reduces its ability to form and retain a high pH environment under disbonded coatings. In conjunction, these results thus indicate the extremely limited capability of commercial pipeline coatings to prevent corrosion in case of disbondment.
An experimental setup was designed to investigate the cathodic protection (CP) penetration into coating disbondment. Embedded detection probes underneath the disbondment enabled pH and steel potential measurements without disturbing the environment inside the disbondment.