Save 20% on select titles with code HIDDEN24 - Shop The Sale Now
Corrosion continues to be a threat to the petroleum industry. It risks people’s lives, the environment, and assets integrity, in addition to the financial losses. In fact, the annual global cost of corrosion was estimated in 2013 to be around US$2.5 trillion (3.2% of 2013 global GDP). Of this amount, approximately 15-35% (i.e. US$375 to US$875 billion annually) can be avoided through proper corrosion control management and advanced mitigation technologies
We are unable to complete this action. Please try again at a later time.
If this error continues to occur, please contact AMPP Customer Support for assistance.
Error Message:
Please login to use Standards Credits*
* AMPP Members receive Standards Credits in order to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store
You are not a Member.
AMPP Members enjoy many benefits, including Standards Credits which can be used to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store.
You can visit the Membership Page to learn about the benefits of membership.
You have previously purchased this item.
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store profile to find this item.
You do not have sufficient Standards Credits to claim this item.
Click on 'ADD TO CART' to purchase this item.
Your Standards Credit(s)
1
Remaining Credits
0
Please review your transaction.
Click on 'REDEEM' to use your Standards Credits to claim this item.
You have successfully redeemed:
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store Profile to find and download this item.
The exploration and development of oil and gas resources towards the direction of ultra-deep, low permeability, and unconventional in China. In addition, some oil and gas fields have developed into the middle or late stage, the application of various EOR technologies, such as acid fracturing, CO2 flooding, air foam flooding and polymer flooding, resulting in the service environment of oil and gas gathering pipelines becoming more and more complex and harsh, such as high temperature, high pressure, high H2S/CO2, Cl- and bacteria, corrosion failures became one of the biggest challenges of oil and gas gathering pipelines.
Although organic corrosion inhibitors have been widely applied in the energy industry, many details regarding their protection mechanism remain unknown. For example, a corrosion inhibitor adsorbs on the clean steel/aqueous solution interface, driven by electrostatic interaction. With the corrosion productlayer formed, how would the inhibitor adsorption interact with the corrosion product nucleation and precipitation? What is the effect of pre-corrosion in inhibitor testing?
The standard type of chemicals long used as oilfield corrosion inhibitors are so-called filmforming molecules carrying a positive net charge. More specifically, these additives belong to e.g. the classes fatty amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, amidoamines, imidazolines, pyridinium quats, and quarternary ammonium compounds like alkyl benzyl quats. Anionic molecules, predominantly phosphate esters, may sometimes also be used as stand-alone inhibitors or as enhancers in formulations with a base inhibitor of the abovementioned type.
The upper limits for the inhibitor PBTC (2-phosphonobutane 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) when used as the sole treatment, and in combination with other inhibitors. Both synergism and antagonism were observed for the inhibitor blends, with the interaction type being a function of ratio.
Carbon steel is commonly used as a material for pipelines in oil and gas industry for facilities such as flowlines, down hole tubulars, transmission pipelines. Wide use of carbon steel is conventional due to its economic feasibility, however this kind of steel faces significant internal corrosion problems with corrosion rates reaching up to 10 mm/y if there is exclusion of protective methods. In oil and gas industry such carbon steel pipelines are utilized for transportation of hydrocarbons where they are simultaneously exposed to the co-generated acidic gases (carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S)) and water.