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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of amount of oxygen on corrosion rate of steam loop. Consequently, to eliminate failure, more effective steam quality monitoring concept is recommended.
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Creep is a continuous degradation of metal under applied stress at high temperature with critical factors of temperature, stress, type of material and exposure time. Most of our steam boilers and fired heaters tubes are operating within or sometimes operated slightly above the creep threshold temperature with an inherent potential risk of stress rupture if not being monitored properly. Traditionally, degradation rates (i.e., creep damage) of these components can only be assessed during shutdown through non-destructive testing (NDT) to determine the metallurgical conditions upon exposure to elevated temperatures.
Nga Awa Purua geothermal power station (NAP) operates a conventional direct contact condenser with recirculating cooling water and forced air cooling towers. The power station is located at the Rotokawa Geothermal field, near TaupÅ in the North Island of New Zealand. The field supports two power stations: NAP, which was commissioned in 2010 with an installed capacity of 140 MW; and Rotokawa I, a binary power plant which has been in operation since 1997.
Steam system in Utility Plant produces Super High Pressure (SHP), High Pressure (HP), Medium Pressure (MP), and Low Pressure (LP) steam. The header of every steam type has a control valve and a silencer downstream to open in case of high pressure. The MP steam header suddenly spiked up following a malfunction of the high range letdown valve from the HP header to the MP header. The MP header vent control valve opened up to control the header pressure. However, the opening of the vent valve led to severe damage to the internals of the silencer. Fortunately, there was no personnel injury or environmental impact, only equipment damage. The direct and root cause of the failure was identified after silencer was offered for internal inspection. Gross corrosion of silencer internals, and silencer design were the direct root causes of this failure. However, an effective mitigation and resolution was implemented by preventing condensate accumulation and providing a way to clean drain lines and prevent pluggage.
A pilot plant method for determining the extent and rate of corrosion of metals in circulating high-temperature water at temperatures > 100°C (212°F) but < ~360°C (680°F). Historical Document 1995