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This work aims to evaluate and compare the resistance to HISC for two types of DSS products with different microstructures: rolled and hot isostatically-pressed (HIPed), using the conventional fracture toughness test methods.
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In this paper, case studies related to DSS cracking are presented specific to the refining industry. Two cases of chloride stress corrosion cracking (Cl-SCC) of 2205 DSS tubing are presented.
This paper provides an overview of the main properties of duplex stainless steels in terms of chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties. Then, the results of an extensive atmospheric field test program are reported,
In seawater handling systems, better dissolved oxygen controls would permit the use of more cost effective materials such as duplex stainless steel UNS S82551. Corrosion testing of tubes joined together with a proprietary premium threaded connection was performed in controlled seawater loops simulating service conditions at 30°C.
In this work, the effect of Tungsten on the precipitation kinetics of a 25% Cr SDSS, namely, UNS S32760 was quantified by constructing Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) diagrams.
Measurement of uniform corrosion resistance in the presence of H2S, through polarization curves, and slip steps height and spacing, through Atomic Force Microscopy technique (AFM) have been performed.
Electrochemical methods were used to evaluate pitting susceptibility of differently heat-treated DSS samples. Results from this study provide further knowledge on the heat treatment effects for the relatively new grades of lean duplex stainless steels.
Oil & Gas flowlines are paramount for safe and reliable production of hydrocarbons, ensuring their integrity is one of the key tasks for all operators. Petroleum Development of Oman (PDO) manages around 11,000 Km of flowlines and connects to production stations more than 400 wells across more than 50 fields every year. Applications for these flowlines vary from the traditional Oil & Gas transmission to other applications such as water injection, polymer flood and steam injection. All these diverse applications involve multiple operation environments ranging from benign fields with low CO2 < 0.5 mole% and minimum H2S to very aggressive environments with CO2 and H2S concentrations well above 10 mole%, combined with a wide range of salinities and water cuts, with chlorides concentrations ranging from 5,000 to 200,000 ppm and water cuts from almost nil to more than 95%. The challenges encountered in safe and economic development of these assets across such a wide range of conditions are numerous; therefore, the material selection and designed methods to manage flowlines integrity are complex with no single solution approach to address the myriad of different conditions. This paper present two cases of metallic and non-metallic materials installed in PDO flowlines showing their historical field performance and discusses the strategy adopted for the material selection of flowlines.
New inventions imply that these also should be implemented into relevant standards. Sometimes also minor modifications in the standard setup of the existing procedures are needed. For duplex stainless steels one of the most important aspects is if a correct final solution annealing has been performed giving the material proper properties.