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Picture for Can We Expand ATP Assay and Molecular Techniques to Measure Microbes on Surfaces and Under Deposits?
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Can We Expand ATP Assay and Molecular Techniques to Measure Microbes on Surfaces and Under Deposits?

Product Number: 51317--9414-SG
ISBN: 9414 2017 CP
Author: Kim Dockens
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This paper compares planktonic and sessile counts using a variety of testing methods (including culture media, ATP assay and nucleic acid analysis). Data will be presented from a series of case studies including both lab work and field assessments.

 

 
Picture for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Cathodic Protection Design Data in Deepsea Water – Influence of the Environment on the Biofilm Cathodic Activity
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Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Cathodic Protection Design Data in Deepsea Water – Influence of the Environment on the Biofilm Cathodic Activity

Product Number: 51319-13124-SG
Author: Erwan Diler
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

In natural seawater many parameters might influence the cathodic protection current demand such as potential temperature dissolved oxygen content biofilm and fouling activity and calcareous deposit formation. The actual deepsea environment cannot be easily reproduced at laboratory scale at the levels measured in deep sea.In this study the influence of the depth on the cathodic protection criteria of carbon steel and stainless steel was investigated in intermediary (1020 m depth) and deep water (2020 m) at the same location. For this purpose at set of corrosion and environmental sensors as well as metallic coupons were exposed during 327 days in Azores in the Atlantic Ocean.On stainless steel characteristic cathodic depolarizations due to biofilm activity were observed in intermediary and deep water. However a strong cathodic activity induced by the biofilm was only measured in deep water. Thus a potential ennoblement on stainless steel in presence of biofilm is not necessary associated to a strong cathodic activity (current demand). The obtained results show that the increase in the current density induced by the biofilm depends on the limiting parameter of the reaction which can be under anodic or cathodic control. Thus as a function of the environment and the experimental setup a “strongly-active” or “weakly-active” biofilm can be formed on stainless steel. Under cathodic control high current densities were measured after several months in deep water. When the above conditions are favorable to a “strongly-active” apparition a strong CP depolarization might appear.In this study new autonomous biofilm sensors exposed for the first time in open and deep water appear relevant to discriminate cathodically “strongly-active” and “weakly-active” biofilm.For carbon steel the cathodic protection data collected in situ show that the initial and mean (after 11 months) current densities are higher than those recommended by the DNVGL RP B401 standard. Although mean current densities are expected to continue to decrease slowly with the exposure time so tending to the standard recommendations the DNVGL RP B401 standard might not be conservative in terms of current densities criteria for studied environments.
Picture for Carbon Steel Corrosion On Production Environment, Evaluating The Impact Of CO2 Partial Pressure, BSW And Oil Characteristics On Tubular Life Extend
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Carbon Steel Corrosion On Production Environment, Evaluating The Impact Of CO2 Partial Pressure, BSW And Oil Characteristics On Tubular Life Extend

Product Number: 51321-16868-SG
Author: Merlin C. E. Bandeira; Rogaciano M. Moreira; Felipe S. Assunção; Oscar R. Mattos; Gustavo L. Vaz; Jefferson R. Oliveira; Ilson Palmieri; Bruno Diehl Neto
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Carbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Refinery FCC Main Fractionator Overhead Systems
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Carbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Refinery FCC Main Fractionator Overhead Systems

Product Number: 51390-90206-SG
Author: J.H. Kmetz, D.J. Truax
Publication Date: 1990
$20.00

Intergranular cracking and faiulure of carbon steel piping and vessels of FCC Main Fraqctionator overhead systems in NH3-H2S-CO2- containing environments is attributed to carbonate stress corrosion cracking. From plant water sampling program, cracking is correlated with water chemistry, open circuit potential and pH.
Picture for Carbonation Modelling of Historic Concrete Buildings
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Carbonation Modelling of Historic Concrete Buildings

Product Number: 51319-13078-SG
Author: Paul Noyce
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

As concrete buildings age the significance of them becomes more important as they are seen as historic icons and in some countries are protected by local laws. This puts a large demand on their service life requirements as they are expected to last indefinitely. The lifetime of these buildings is most commonly dictated by corrosion of the embedded reinforcing steel cause by carbonation. Challenges with carbonation comes down to dealing with the length of time before corrosion will be initiated and then how long it takes in the propagation phase before damage to the concrete occurs.The paper will look at various carbonation models used by practitioners which provide a level of prediction to future degradation and evaluate how effective these are in the real world. An emphasis will be on environmental conditions and how this impacts performance of the building. These environmental indexes are required on most structures if any level of accuracy is required. In addition to establishing parameters required by service life models inspection techniques will be reviewed for their applicability on understanding underlying corrosion conditions.
Picture for Cartridge Technology for Spray-Applied Coatings - Low Cost, Reliable, Portable, and GREEN
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Cartridge Technology for Spray-Applied Coatings - Low Cost, Reliable, Portable, and GREEN

Product Number: 41212-684-SG
Author: Peter Kuzyk
Publication Date: 2012
$20.00

With increasing frequency cartridge-based technology is becoming the preferred method for touch-up and repair applications using high-solids coatings. Cartridge technology directly addresses many of the issues associated with batch mixing including pot life constraints, waste generation and off-ratio material proportioning/mixing. Recent data indicate there are substantial cost-savings and environmental benefits associated with cartridge use in comparison to conventional methods of touchup and repair.
Picture for Case History on the Selection of Materials in a Bulk Handling Chemical Facility at Partitioned Zone
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Case History on the Selection of Materials in a Bulk Handling Chemical Facility at Partitioned Zone

Product Number: 51317--8967-SG
ISBN: 8967 2017 CP
Author: Tariq Kamshad
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This paper reviews corrosion issues encountered as a result of using incompatible construction materials with production chemicals, which eventually lead to multiple failures.
Picture for Case Studies of Thermal Fatigue Damage in Duplex and Stabilized Stainless Steel
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Case Studies of Thermal Fatigue Damage in Duplex and Stabilized Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51319-13271-SG
Author: Naif Alabri
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Thermal fatigue is a specific type of fatigue failure mechanism that is induced by cyclic stresses generated due to repetitive fluctuations in the temperature. These temperature change in the material induces thermal expansion (or contraction) and if surrounding material or external constraints hinder this expansion thermal stresses arise. The degree of damage is affected by the magnitude and frequency of the temperature swings and typically appears in the form of one or more surface cracks on the component.This paper presents two case histories of thermal fatigue failure along with detailed metallurgical analysis of stainless steel pressure components in a downstream Aromatics plant.The first case study is on failure of a UNS31803 duplex stainless steel heat exchanger tubing that occurred after four and half years in service. The damage was in the form of multiple parallel circumferential surface cracks with few cracks propagating through the wall thickness of tube. The equipment was subjected to a temperature differential of about 100 deg C every 4 hours of operation during alternate heating & cooling cycle.The second failure discussed is on 6” diameter UNS32100 process piping after around ten years of service. This is primarily a thermal mix point wherein demineralized water is injected in a hot gas stream resulting in a temperature gradient of more than 100 Deg C. The failure mode was also characterized by many circumferential cracks at location of injection as well as about 2-3 diameters downstream injection point.Keywords: Thermal Fatigue Stainless Steel Cyclic stresses Temperature differential
Picture for Case Study - Suspected SAC In Recovery Boiler Screen Tubes Revealed A Manufacturing Defect
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Case Study - Suspected SAC In Recovery Boiler Screen Tubes Revealed A Manufacturing Defect

Product Number: 51321-16587-SG
Author: Catherine A. Noble, P.E.
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Case Study for MIC Evaluation and Mitigation in Two Argentinian Oilfields
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Case Study for MIC Evaluation and Mitigation in Two Argentinian Oilfields

Product Number: 51317--9476-SG
ISBN: 9476 2017 CP
Author: Emerentiana Sianawati
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

A biocide efficacy study was conducted using field water samples and associated indigenous microorganisms as the test inocula. Thirteen biocide systems were evaluated to determine an excellent choice for disinfecting (rapid kill), to alleviate bio-burden and result in longer term protection.

 
Picture for Case Study of AC interference on an Urban Gas Pipeline: Field Test AC Mitigation Design and Assessm
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Case Study of AC interference on an Urban Gas Pipeline: Field Test AC Mitigation Design and Assessment

Product Number: 51317--8914-SG
ISBN: 8914 2017 CP
Author: Xiaxi Li
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This study attempted to exemplify the AC mitigation design practice for an urban gas pipeline by numerical calculation, including AC interference risk evaluation, AC mitigation design and mitigation effectiveness assessment.
Picture for Case Study of AC-Induced Corrosion on Buried Pipeline: Field Test and Mitigation Design
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Case Study of AC-Induced Corrosion on Buried Pipeline: Field Test and Mitigation Design

Product Number: 51321-16374-SG
Author: Yi Liang/ Yanxia Du/ Xun yuan/ Le Chen
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
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