AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

Available for download

In-situ CPT of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels on Chloride Containing Environments

Product Number: 51317--9312-SG

ISBN: 9312 2017 CP

Author: Luis GARFIAS-MESIAS

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper describes a novel methodology to measure the Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) of a Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) in artificial seawater based on the Electrochemical Noise (ECN) technique.

Available for download

In-Situ Determination Of The Degree Of Sensitization In Austenitic Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51322-17805-SG

Author: Pablo M. Altamirano, Mariano A. Kappes, Martín A. Rodríguez

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in refineries and petrochemical industries due to their good combination of properties such as workability, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. However, one of the most important problems they show, and which can lead to failures in service, is the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC). When these materials are subjected to temperatures in the range from 500 ºC to 800 °C, the precipitation of chromium-rich carbides occurs preferentially at grain boundaries (GB).

Available for download

In-Situ Erosion-Corrosion Testing Equipment for Geothermal Environment and Comparative Results for T

Product Number: 51319-13457-SG

Author: Helen Haraldsdottir

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Material used in geothermal power plant components can experience damage during direct contact to geothermal steam. This applies specifically to turbines components as they can be prone to erosion and erosion-corrosion due to droplet formation and corrosive species present in the steam. Development of coating material as protection against such damage is being investigated. To test such effects on coatings a device was developed for in-situ testing in geothermal fluid. This device is capable of creating an erosive environment from geothermal fluid through pressure drop created by an orifice. The corrosive species present in the fluid then subsequently lead to the creation of an erosive-corrosive environment. This paper describes the development of the test setup and its potential for creating an adequate environment to test erosion-corrosion experienced by geothermal turbine components. The final setup allows for simultaneous testing of six samples. The variance between the locations of the sample holders in the device was analysed to determine its effect on results for the tested coated samples. This device was used to test different types of coatings among which electric arc sprayed titanium coatings were tested. They were located in different sample holders and their results compared in light of the differences between the environments present in the holders.

Available for download

In-Situ Observation Of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Initiation Site In Linepipe Steels

Product Number: 51322-17816-SG

Author: Taishi Fujishiro, Kyono Yasuda, Takuya Hara, Nobuyuki Ishikawa, Eiji Tada, Mitsuo Kimura

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the oil and gas industry, oil country tubular goods or line pipes are exposed to wet H2S environments (sour environments) in some cases. The presence of H2S in the sour environment enhances hydrogen entry into the steel due to the catalytic action of H2S. The absorbed hydrogen enhanced by H2S affects hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) is a hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon observed in sour conditions.

Available for download

In-situ Performance of Galvanized and Zinc Rich Coating Systems for Structural Steel in a Chemical Plant Environment

Product Number: 41208-461-SG

Author: Chak Wong

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

Plant maintenance engineers continually search for new and improved ways of providing corrosion protection in their highly demanding environments. Structural steel is used throughout various applications including pipe racks, building components (beam and column configurations), reactor platforms, and signage, etc. Coatings systems have traditionally been the choice of providing corrosion protection for both steel and concrete substrate.

Available for download

In-situ Study of Iron Carbonate Formation Kinetics and Pseudo-passivation of Carbon Steel in Aqueous CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51324-20667-SG

Author: Joshua Owen; Richard C. Woollam; Francois Ropital; Annette Kleppe; Sabrina Marcelin

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study introduces the design and implementation of a bespoke electrochemical flow cell in combination with in-situ Synchrotron Radiation-X-Ray Diffraction measurements (SR-XRD). The system enables high precision, real-time, in-situ measurements of iron carbonate (FeCO3) evolution on carbon steel in a flowing environment, as well as providing real-time, in-situ corrosion rate measurement through an integrated three-electrode cell. The custom cell is used to examine FeCO3 formation kinetics in a carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing aqueous environment, particularly in instances where the ‘pseudo-passivation’ phenomenon is reported to occur. Linear polarization resistance and anodic polarization measurements were performed in combination with the SR-XRD measurements to establish a detailed understanding of FeCO3 formation in real time and its relation to the corrosion behavior of carbon steel. It was observed that ‘pseudo-passivation’ occurred in conjunction with the growth of a highly protective FeCO3 layer under all conditions evaluated. Magnetite (Fe3O4), an oxide layer often attributed to the onset of ‘pseudo-passivation’, was not observed in these conditions, despite the high limits of detection of the technique.

Available for download

In-Situ Synthesis Of Corrosion Product-Polymer Composites On Carbon Steel For Enhanced Erosion-Corrosion Protection In CO2 Corrosion Environments

Product Number: 51322-17717-SG

Author: Dilshad Shaikhah, Bruce Cowe, Wassim Taleb, Anne Neville, Maalek Mohamed-Said, Richard Barker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Hydrocarbons still remain as a fundamental contributor towards meeting the worldwide demand for energy, despite the growth of other alternative sources such as renewable and nuclear options. Due to low cost and availability, carbon steel, remains as the most commonly used material for pipelines in down and upstream activities within the oil and gas industry. However, carbon steel is not an exceptional metal alloy from the perspective of internal corrosion resistance. The economical cost for its degradation and related failures represent 10% to 30% of the maintenance budget in petroleum industry. It is therefore crucial that the corrosion of such a susceptible steel is managed and controlled accordingly.

Available for download

Inspecting Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel

Product Number: 41216-960-SG

Author: Bernardo Duran

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Engineers, architects, DOTs, and other specifiers use hot dip galvanizing to provide corrosion protection to steel and iron in many industries, including transportation and highway, parking garages, bridges, structural, agricultural, petrochemical, and original equipment manufacturing. To ensure continued corrosion protection and structural integrity in these industries, it is necessary to properly inspect the galvanizing.

Available for download

Inspection & Corrosion Control of Wet Sour Gas Subsea Pipelines

Product Number: MPWT19-15277

Author: Meshary A. Al-Bahli, Rashed Alhajri

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Recently the oil, gas and petrochemical sectors have been facing together safety, environmental and mechanical integrity regulations as well as challenges associated with the need for cost reduction to improve competitiveness. Therefore, continual inspection and corrosion control health assessments and investigations are key towards sustaining reliability and availability together with value creation through avoiding unplanned production loss and asset failures. The present paper discusses an inspection and corrosion control technical assessment performed on thirteen (13) subsea flowlines. These flowlines supply wet sour gas feed from two offshore fields, gather through two 36 in” trunk lines. In order to meet the health and integrity objective, the assessment covers a review on the susceptibility and control of three (3) damage mechanisms using available literature covering field and empirical data. In addition, a review and discussion on the available and required inspection methods to combat the susceptible damage mechanisms are performed. This review is extended to an exploration and evaluation of (6) inline inspection techniques and two (2) remotely operated vehicles (ROV) to complement damage mechanism inspection methods.

Available for download

Inspection and Mitigation of Corrosion for Pipe Cable Systems

Product Number: 51321-16434-SG

Author: Frank Rea

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

Inspection of Corrosion Resistant FRP Equipment

Product Number: 51324-20741-SG

Author: Geoff Clarkson

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Owners and operators of equipment made from Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) have similar needs to know the Fitness For Service status of this equipment as they do for equipment made from metal alloys. Historically, inspection of this equipment has evaluated the appearance compared to the requirements of construction codes and standards. These methods usually do not provide results that can be used in an engineering analysis that can be verified against Fitness For Service criteria. This paper will provide descriptions of damage that occurs to polymeric structures from service conditions - both chemical and stresses. The damage will be expressed in engineering terms, followed by a brief discussion of how the damage is used in engineering analysis to determine the current status of the equipment, remaining life and the urgency of any repairs or remediation. Some comparison to historical inspection will be provided. The paper will then discuss inspection methods that can provide the damage data in forms that can be used for engineering assessment of the equipment.

Available for download

Inspection of the polyurea on the San Mateo Bridge

Product Number: 41208-408-SG

Author: Lisa Dobeck

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

The San Mateo Bridge represents the largest application of thick film coatings for protection of a concrete highway bridge in the US to date. This challenging project was undertaken in order to provide a aggressive extension to the expected service life of the new concrete components of the widened bridge. This report provides a brief summary of the coating application process during construction followed by a report of a recent visual inspection performed at the five-year point in service.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance