AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Evaluation of a Crude Oil Loading Berth for Maintenance Coating

Product Number: 41207-353-SG

Author: Thomas J. Marchesani

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

During FY2003, a feasibility study evaluated the condition of coatings on a crude oil loading berth, analyzed the ramifications of coating failure, and performed life cycle economic comparisons of maintenance coating alternatives. The subject paper presents a summary of the coating inspection results as well as an alternative method to determine the effect of coating failure and corrosion on marine loading berths.

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Evaluation of a Hydrophobic Coating Material for Downhole Application, Lab vs. Field Evaluation

Product Number: 51324-20756-SG

Author: Tao Chen; Feng Liang; Frank Chang; Qiwei Wang

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A hydrophobic electroless nickel-phosphorus (ENP) coating material has been developed to reduce corrosion-induced iron sulfide scale deposition. The ENP coating has several key advantages to provide corrosion resistance for sour oil and gas applications, including a level of phosphorus imparting superior corrosion resistance in a sour gas environment, a tailored phosphorus level providing a range of super hydrophobic microstructures, and a second material introduced and embedded in the ENP coating during the coating process to impart desired properties such as wear and erosion resistance. The coating material has been qualified through a series of evaluation tests carried out in the lab, including iron sulfide scale formation under HTHP, coating adhesion tests, explosive decomposition, formation of heazlewoodite (Ni3S2), etc. The coating material was installed in downhole completion tubing through a downhole corrosion and scale monitoring (DCSM) tool to monitor coating stability, corrosion, and scaling under real downhole flow conditions in a sour gas well over 3 months. Overall, the field testing has demonstrated that this newly developed coating material can effectively protect the metal coupon against corrosion and iron sulfide deposition. However, the abrasion of the formed surface layer of Ni3S2 and blistering might be a concern for a long-term field application. This paper will comprehensively compare the coating performance evaluated in the lab and field conditions. Long-term evaluation under real field conditions is highly recommended to qualify the coating material for large-scale application in the downhole.

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Evaluation of a Newly Developed Coating Material for Corrosion Protection Using Downhole Corrosion and Scale Monitoring Tool in Sour Gas Wells

Product Number: 51319-12967-SG

Author: Tao Chen

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion and scale deposition are common flow assurance issues in sour gas wells. Recent studies have shown that scale deposition was derived from metallic corrosion under this condition. No metal is immune to corrosion in all environment. However through monitoring and understanding the environmental conditions that are the cause of corrosion changes to the metal type or development of newly high-performance coating materials to the metals being used can leads to significant reductions in corrosion. A newly developed coating material has shown effective prevention of iron sulfide scale formation under laboratory test conditions. Although these laboratory tests were conducted using conditions such as temperature and pressure from the field it is still very challenging to correlate the lab results to the real field condition since it is difficult to simulate the actual environment and downhole multiphase flow regime in the laboratory.An advanced downhole corrosion and scale monitoring (DCSM) tools has been designed and developed to effectively monitor corrosion and scaling in high temperature sour gas wells. Several exchangeable coated metal coupons can be installed on the tool to evaluate the performance of the coating material. A slick line with a retrievable high-expansion gauge hanger was used to deploy and anchor the DCSM downhole at the desired depth. The tool was retrieved after three months exposure to the reservoir condition for post-laboratory analysis.The retrieved coupons were thoroughly characterized to assess the coating performance and to understand the corrosion and scaling mechanisms. XRD was used to analyze the scale composition of the coupon surface. SEM and EDS analyses were performed to characterize the morphology and mineralogical changes of the coupon surface. Surface profilometer was used to quantify the size and height/depth of the scaled surface or localized corroded area.The results showed that a thin layer (~90 micron in thickness) composed of nickel and sulfur was formed on the surface of the coated coupon after its exposure in the high H2S environment for three months. A slight weight loss of the coated coupon was observed which might due to the combination effects of the reaction of coating material with H2S (weight gain) and abrasion of part of the outer layer from the surface (weight loss). Overall the field testing has demonstrated that this newly developed coating material is able to protect the metal coupon against corrosion and iron sulfide scaling effectively. However the abrasion of the formed surface layer of NiS scale might be a concern for long term field application.The advanced DCSM tool allows direct corrosion and scaling monitoring under downhole conditions. It is recommended that newly developed coating material should be evaluated and qualified under real downhole conditions before any field application.

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Evaluation of A Rapid Solution For SRB Monitoring In Industrial Water System

Product Number: 51322-17554-SG

Author: Khloud Alramadan, Joseph Puthuvelil, and Salman Al-Mutiry

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Uncontrolled growth of microorganisms in the oil field production systems have a major negative impact on the productivity and asset integrity in oil and gas industry. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been found as the most troublesome group of microorganisms among all organisms involved in MIC of carbon steel and other metals used in the oil industry (Abdullah et al 2014). The formation of SRB biofilm on steel surface can affect the kinetics of anodic and cathodic reactions, leading to an acceleration of steel corrosion (Beech and Sunner, 2004: Zuo,2007). In addition to that, SRB contributes to hydrogen sulfide-driven reservoir souring, increased suspended solids, reservoir plugging, etc., in oil field sites.

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Evaluation of a Self-Contained Anaerobic Environment-Generating Culture Device for Detection of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Product Number: 51319-13174-SG

Author: Evan Brutinel

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Certain classes of microorganisms (e.g. sulfate reducing bacteria or SRB) have been linked to an increased risk of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and reservoir souring. The ability to quickly and accurately detect and enumerate MIC associated microbes is an essential part of an informed and efficacious mitigation strategy. Despite advances in molecular microbiology methods (MMMs) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection culture based detection remains a key aspect of industrial and oil field microbiology. Detection and enumeration of MIC causing microbes in the field continues to be a challenge as they can be difficult to grow using traditional microbiological methods (e.g anaerobic culture bottles). Here we evaluate a thin-film culture device method for growth based detection of SRBs in surface flowback cooling and produced waters. Evaluation using laboratory strains as well as field samples was performed and compared to industry standard culture practices. In addition the thin-film culture devices were used to test waters pre- and post-biocide treatment to quickly assess biocide efficacy. The thin-film culture device technology was fast easy to use and recovered a wider variety of strains than traditional tests.

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Evaluation of Alloy 825 Performance in a Critical Sour Environment with Elemental Sulphur Deposition

Product Number: 51324-20853-SG

Author: Ruqaia Al Rusheidi; Mohamed Ossama; Arwa Al Wahaibi; Talal Al Nabhani; Zaher Al Hajri

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The deposition of elemental sulfur is a major concern in the gas and oil industries. The effect of sulfur deposition on nickel-based alloy 825 under severe conditions is not well understood. This work investigates the impact of elemental sulfur deposition on Alloy 825 under two conditions using four-point bend test in accordance with NACE TM0316.The results show that alloy 825 samples were not affected by way of SSC, SCC, pitting or other corrosion damage mechanisms in temperature of 90° C, pressure of 75 bar, Chloride level of 1000 ppm, a partial pressure of H2S of 12 bara, and a partial pressure of CO2 of 55 bara with present of elemental sulfur. A further autoclave exposure test was performed in which alloy 825 samples were exposed in 20 bara H2S partial pressure and 57 bara CO2 partial pressure in 21,853 ppm chloride and =150gL-1 elemental sulfur at 190°C for 720 hours. Under this condition, alloy 825 shows environmentally assisted corrosion as well as SCC on all samples. As a conclusion, alloy 825 is not a robust material against elemental sulfur related degradation at high temperature and pressure with high H2S and CO2 environment. Hence, safety risk from elemental sulfur deposition at high temperature should be carefully considered and evaluated when using alloy 825. The limit tested in this paper could provide a reference for selecting alloy 825 in presence of sulfur.

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Evaluation of Alloys for Marine Exhaust Scrubbers

Product Number: 51317--8972-SG

ISBN: 8972 2017 CP

Author: Brian DeForce

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Permissible level of sulfur emissions from ocean vessels have been reduced. Diesel exhaust scrubbers are one response. The scrubber environment requires corrosion resistant alloys. This study compares multiple alloys in several simulated scrubber environments.

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Evaluation of Alternating Current Corrosion on Coupons used for Monitoring Applications

Product Number: 51319-12839-SG

Author: Xihua He

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Coated pipelines sharing a right-of-way corridor with electric transmission lines can be susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion on pipelines instigated from alternating current (AC) is driven by conductive and/or resistive coupling and can occur even when cathodically protected. AC corrosion coupon assemblies are used to monitor AC current density to assess the corrosion likelihood. This study investigated the sensitivity of AC corrosion coupons with respect to (i) coupon size and geometry (ii) installation location relative to pipeline and (iii) soil resistivity and chemical solution through three sets of laboratory testing conducted at ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. In Experimental Set 1 three coupon sizes of 1 5 and 10 cm2 in the shapes of circle equilateral triangle rectangle and cylinder were tested the 5 cm2 circular coupon showed the highest sensitivity.In Experimental Set 2 the coupons were set at 10 20 30 and 40 cm from the coated pipeline in 4 separate sand cells. The coupon set at 20 cm had the highest measurement sensitivity and the coating exhibited blisters and corrosionpits after the application of AC and DC over 3 months. In Experimental Set 3 the solution chemistry was more sensitive than soil resistivity. Details will be presented in the paper.AcknowledgmentsThis work was sponsored by Enbridge Pipelines Inc.

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Evaluation of Applied Film Thickness for Polyurea Thick-Film Elastromeric Coating/Lining Systems

Product Number: 41209-501-SG

Author: Dudley J. Primeaux II, Kelin Bower

Publication Date: 2009

$20.00

In the application of coating / lining systems, applied film thickness is an important aspect in the execution of the project. Specifications call for a required minimum film build, not to verify material use, but because it relates to the overall performance of the project. Knowing the applied film thickness of the coating / lining system as the job proceeds also helps determine if one has obtained sufficient material to successfully complete the application work as specified.

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Evaluation of Cathodic Protection Effectiveness for Aboveground Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51323-19360-SG

Author: Pavan K. Shukla, Andrew Nordquist, Roderick E. Fuentes, Bruce J. Wiersma, Laurie Perry

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The need to evaluate effectiveness of the CP systems for the tank bottom applications arose after
completion of the PRCI-sponsored study (published in 2018) focused on evaluating VCIs’ performance
for mitigating the soil-side corrosion of AST bottoms. The 2018 PRCI-study objectives included
evaluating VCI effectiveness and comparing the VCI effectiveness data to active CP systems for ASTs
that were achieving AMPP (NACE) CP criteria for corrosion control. In the 2018-PRCI study, the
extensive amount of laboratory testing data and results indicated that VCIs are effective in mitigating
corrosion; however, a historical comparison of CP system effectiveness with VCIs for ASTs could not be
made due to a lack of documented CP effectiveness data.

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Evaluation of Coating Performance on Automotive Substrates

Product Number: 51319-13396-SG

Author: Mary Lyn Lim

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The corrosion protection requirements of coatings varies across the wide range of markets. Within each application a plethora of test methods exist which may or may not be catered towards a specific substrate. In this presentation the behavior of coated automotive substrates will be evaluated using various test methods. A combination of physical and electrochemical characterization methods will be utilized towards understanding the impact of coating properties on performance with respect to the test environments.

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Evaluation Of Coating Protection Against Environmental Assisted Cracking Of Aluminum Alloys

Product Number: 51321-17000-SG

Author: Liam Agnew; Nathan Brown; Brandi Clark; Fritz Friedersdorf

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance