AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Don’t Lose Your Head – A Case Study on the Repair of a Vertical Knock-Out Drum

Product Number: 51319-13137-SG

Author: Casey Whalen

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A 67” vertical knock-out drum suffered a system upset over three years ago resulting in a localized band of internal corrosion near the entire circumferential dome weld. After performing initial defect assessments it was determined that the pressure vessel could not operate at full capacity without suffering rapid through-wall defects around the entire circumference. Additionally the corrosion occurred beneath the lowest support meaning that a structural failure would result in the drum head detaching.To provide a short-term remediation a composite repair system was custom designed for the operator to address the three primary concerns: through-wall leaking internal pressure containment and preventing dome separation. Three unique systems were combined and used to achieve a successful repair for over three years while a replacement drum was ordered for the next turn-around. This paper will highlight the flexible design capabilities of composite materials in addressing critical component repairs when engineered appropriately.

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Don't Forget the Details When Specifying a Concrete Coating Project

Product Number: 51219-217-SG

Author: Sean Meracle, John Sierzega

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Many times, concrete coating projects are approached similarly to those of other paintable substrates, like steel or wood. The primary and sometimes only, focus is to provide a visibly clean and sound surface. More experienced design professionals will ensure that voids are filled, protrusions are ground to plane, and the correct surface profile is achieved. Once prepared, a serviceable coating system is applied (always as per the manufacturer’s recommendations) and no one looks back… unless there is a failure.

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Do's and Don'ts of Greenfield Pressure Systems Integrity Program Development

Product Number: 51324-20861-SG

Author: Adam Haavisto

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Greenfield pressure system integrity program development provides unique opportunities and challenges for an asset's inspection program. As new projects become more complex and a global effort, a well-tuned integrity program provides significant risk reduction and quality checks against the design. This paper is intended to help managers and asset owners optimize their greenfield integrity program to identify new risks while providing cost effective programs. The paper will discuss the optimal time to start their program development, who should be involved, how you can integrate design and operation teams, and be provide additional value-added reasons to have an integrity program in place before commissioning.

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Double Your Business in the Next 12 Months

Product Number: 41214-811-SG

Author: Richard Bueckert

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

That's a pretty audacious title, isn’t it? I’m going to show you how to take the best of the old methods, stir in some of the new media, and stand out as a coating professional. Distinctly different from the wanna-be’s and the willnever-be’s so the whole process of getting jobs becomes automatic and easy.

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Double-Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Test For Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloy UNS N07725

Product Number: 51321-16793-SG

Author: Maria Sofia Hazarabedian; Katerina Lepkova; Zakaria Quadir; and Mariano Iannuzzi

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel alloy UNS N07725 used in oil and gas subsea service have experienced several brittle fractures linked to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The alloy’s susceptibility to cracking was associated with the precipitation of a Cr- and Mo-rich phase at grain boundaries (GBs). Since the failed components were compliant with the current standards, developing a new quality control test capable of distinguish susceptible microstructures became a priority for the oil and gas industry.

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Downhole Scale Removal in High Temperature Sour Gas Wells

Product Number: 51324-20834-SG

Author: Mauricio A. Espinosa; Tao Chen; Qiwei Wang; Jairo Leal

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Extensive work has been carried out by lab scientists and production engineers that recognized the multi-compositional scale deposition challenges in one high-temperature gas field. Removing such scales has been a challenging and complex process. In addition to the high temperatures and high H2S, other factors, such as downhole completion, near wellbore pressure, formation permeability, and high deposit amounts, must also be considered in developing and selecting the descaling strategies. Coiled tubing (CT) mechanical descaling was developed and deployed in the past by taking advantage of state-of-the-art technologies such as high RPM milling, downhole sensors, foamed cleanup tools, and sophisticated surface collecting and well testing equipment. However, CT descaling operations have become limited in recent years due to reduced downhole pressures in some wells as the field matures. This paper describes the results of the field implementation of the newly patented scale dissolver technology for dealing with mixed scales. Lab studies demonstrated that this chemical product has the potential to be used for both tubing/liner/completion and formation stimulation benefits as well. Field results showed significantly increased gas productivity in conjunction with improved well operational factors as well as retrieved well accessibility. A discussion on the different lab evaluation protocols is also presented, and a final update on current scale clean-up strategies and future proposals is included. The results presented in this work represent recent advancements in iron sulfide scale management. The new scale dissolver technology is under commercialization and can be applied to various systems, such as oil and gas producers, water injectors, and surface handling facilities.

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Downhole Sour Corrosion And Scale Deposition In Oil Wells

Product Number: 51322-17694-SG

Author: Tao Chen, Frank Chang, Feng Liang, Steven Hochanadel

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Sour corrosion and iron sulphide scale deposition are two common flow assurance issues encountered in oilfields. Sour oil wells typically produce crude along with produced water and a significant amount of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The high pressure and temperature conditions under the downhole tend to cause severe corrosion damage including metal loss and pitting, along with iron sulphide scale deposition. Iron sulfide deposition in sour wells is a corrosion induced scale problem. It potentially causes production decline, restricted well intervention, well shutdown, or even severe consequences towards to the abandoned wells.

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Down-the-Hole Withhout a Paddle: Corrosion Mitigation of Wellhead Surface Casings Using IMM Coatings

Product Number: 51220-241-SG

Author: Nicole de Varennes, Norm Spence, Mike O’Donoghue, Vijay Datta

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

This paper outlines the aggressive service conditions experienced by wellhead casings and the resulting failures seen to date in the Alberta oil patch. Deleterious in-service conditions include; high temperatures and significant temperature fluctuations, expansion and contraction of the steel substrate, and the wet and dry oxidizing micro-environment, the influence of concrete, and a plethora of chlorides and other contaminants elevating the corrosion rate. Previous corrosion mitigation programs and current inspection techniques are reviewed.

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Drawbacks of Corrosion Creep as a Performance Indicator for Corrosion Protective Coatings

Product Number: 51323-19270-SG

Author: Andreas Løken, Anders W. B. Skilbred

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

One of the most common ways of protecting steel assets and structures is by organic protective coating systems. The performance of such protective coating systems is assessed based on results after accelerated laboratory exposure testing, where one attempts to mimic the conditions the coatings will be exposed to under in-service conditions in a significantly shorter time frame. Such testing is also how coating systems are qualified for certain corrosivity classes and durabilities, being formalized in standards and specifications such as ISO 12944-6 and NORSOK M-501 ed. 7.

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Drift in Open-Circuit Potential of Carbon Steel in Nuclear Waste Simulants

Product Number: 51319-13101-SG

Author: Pavan Shukla

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A large quantity of high-level radioactive waste is stored in underground carbon-steel storage tanks at the Hanford site. The waste chemistries are alkaline with pH between 12 and 14. Carbon steel is expected to become passive and undergo passive dissolution under the alkaline conditions. Nonetheless certain corrosive species in the waste chemistries such as chloride and nitrate could cause pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The risk of pitting corrosion and SCC increases when open-circuit potentials (OCPs) drift in anodic direction compared to the initial values. Therefore it is important to determine the extent of drift as a function of waste chemistry and metal surface characteristics. Electrochemical experiments were conducted to determine extent of drift in the OCPs. The tests were conducted with the following three surface characteristics: (i) surface with passive film developing in waste simulants (ii) surface will mill-scale (iii) surface with combination of mill-scale and passive film developing in waste simulants. A specialized in-situ scratching mechanism was used to obtain desired in-situ surface characteristics. The electrochemical experiments were conducted for approximately 4 months and OCP evolution was recorded. This paper will present the results of the electrochemical tests and provide quantification of the OCP evolution as a function of surface characteristics.

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Drinking Down Under: Great Idea, Second Thoughts, The Right Path

Product Number: 41212-698-SG

Author: Dudley J. Primeaux II

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Thick-film elastomeric coating / lining systems have excellent performance characteristics in a variety of potable water lining work, including the polyurea spray elastomer technology. While some have cast doubt on the suitability of a polyurea system for immersion applications, there are a variety of commercial products with the NSF/ASNI-61 certification for potable water use that are performing quite well.

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Driving Higher Performance with Ultra-high Solids Epoxy Systems for Long-term Asset Protection

Product Number: 51218-162-SG

Author: Daniel Totev

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Epoxy coatings have a long and successful track record in marine and protective coatings, due to the combined offerings of excellent corrosion and chemical resistance. As regional environmental drivers become firmly established, the industry is faced with the constant challenge of providing solutions which can comply with emerging VOC regulations. There is a continuous trend to move the technology from the so-called conventional paint to high solids coatings, and more recently, to ultra-high solids coatings [1]. At the same time the overall performance attributes associated with high performance epoxy systems need to be either maintained or improved depending on specific industrial application needs. Many current high solids epoxy systems use non-reactive plasticizers such as benzyl alcohol or alkyl phenols to enable full chemical conversion of the polymer matrix. While this approach allows for reduced solvent demand, such products do not always address the market need for extended service life. The use of fugitive plasticizers can cause the coating to lose its flexibility over time as the plasticizer leaches out. In order to address this, a different plasticization approach to lower solvent requirement and ensure complete cure is needed. This paper will review the basics of high solids epoxy coatings compared to conventional epoxy technologies and describe the fundamental technical differences. It will also present new versatile amine curing agent technology that offers solutions to develop coatings compliant with stringent emission test accreditation, and at the same time, addresses many of the technical challenges associated with high solids systems. Furthermore, the absence of nonreactive plasticizers facilitates long-term conservation of the mechanical properties of the coating, and hence, helps deliver long-term asset protection.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance