AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Corrosion Monitoring of Tied-Arch Bridge Hanger Anchor Systems

Product Number: 51319-12820-SG

Author: C Brossia

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Tied-arch bridges are widely used because of its capability of providing clear load path long span and high clearance. However the steel elements of a tied-arch bridge are subject to corrosion which could lead to accidental bridge failure or even collapse when coupled with other bad factors. Hanger anchors as the key elements along the load paths were usually tightly sealed in the anchorages during construction to protect them from corrosion attacks in their service life. This makes it very difficult to manually inspect the corrosion conditions of hanger anchors. Corrosion inspection of hanger anchors has been a blind spot in tied-arch bridge routine maintenance.Corrosion monitoring using different sensorsystems was utilized to provide bridge owners with awareness of possible corrosion of hanger anchors allowing them to make informed maintenance decisions accordingly thus increasing bridge operational safety.

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Corrosion Monitoring System in the Port of Miami Tunnel

Product Number: 51324-21171-SG

Author: Adrian Steele; Samanbar Permeh; Kingsley Lau

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The design of the PortMiami Tunnel (PMT) utilizes segmental reinforced concrete lining panels. Early corrosion initiation is expected to be mitigated by the specification of low permeability ternary-blend concrete and minimum three-inch clear cover, but there is uncertainty in the long-term corrosion and materials durability (particularly considering its ambitious 150 year design life) and uncertainty of the extent of possible loss of concrete integrity of the structure at extended times. Therefore, interest lies in continual long term corrosion monitoring of the tunnel panels. The objectives of this testing program are to provide information on the panels that may indicate possible early corrosion development in key areas of the tunnel and to provide field data to supplement laboratory testing to provide recommendations for best practices addressing corrosion prevention and mitigation for submerged structures. The findings from corrosion monitoring for over 10 years of service are presented.

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Corrosion Of 2Cr Steel In Supercritical CO2 Saturated Saline Water With Cl, S and Br Anions

Product Number: 51323-19014-SG

Author: Benjamin Taylor, Yimin Zeng, Haofei Sun, Jing Liu

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Before full decarburization can be achieved, the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) suggests an applicable way of combining CO2-producing processes with the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. Except for permanent CO2 storage, the economics and efficiency of CCUS processes can be further improved by utilizing the CO2 byproduct in other industry areas. One of the promising methods is to use the captured CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

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Corrosion of a Ni-P Coating in Aerated vs Non-Aerated Geothermal Steam

Product Number: 51319-12857-SG

Author: Keith Lichti

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

A Ni-P coating was applied to coupons made from a common valve stem material used for geothermal steam that was known to experience localised pitting corrosion in the valve stem packing area. The coated coupons were exposed in wet low pressure geothermal steam test chambers at the Broadlands Ohaaki well BR22 test site in New Zealand with and without 3% of added air. This paper documents the properties of the tested Ni-P coating and presents corrosion performance comparisons for aerated vs non-aerated geothermal steam with reference to the anticipated valve stem environment.

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Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 304L in Chloride Solution

Product Number: 51324-21159-SG

Author: Leila Saberi; Mehdi Amiri

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Although there have been major strides in understanding the influence of additively manufacturing (AM) on mechanical properties such as tensile and fatigue, the understanding of the corrosion performance of AM-produced metals and alloys remains in its infancy. The corrosion performance and mechanical properties of AM metals are significantly influenced by their unique microstructural features that are highly dependent on the build parameters. These features include surface roughness, porosity, grain directionality, residual stresses, oxides, atypical inclusions, and sub-structures, to name a few. Such microstructural/defect features are distinct in comparison with those of cast or wrought alloys and span many orders of magnitude in length scale. Consequently, AM plays a significant role in corrosion performance. In this paper, the corrosion of additively manufactured stainless steel 304L (AM SS304L) in 5% NaCl solution is studied. The purpose of this research is to understand the correlation between microstructural/defect features and corrosion properties. The effects of surface roughness, surface porosity, and build orientation on corrosion and pitting potentials are investigated. All these features show significant impacts on corrosion performance of AM SS304L. Detailed microstructural and elemental analyses are performed to further understand the interrelation between microstructural/defect features and corrosion properties.

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Corrosion of Armour Wire Steel in the Annulus of Flexible Pipes at Near Neutral pH

Product Number: 51319-13302-SG

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel may occur at near neutral pH in deoxygenated solutions with high bicarbonate and iron (II) ion concentration. Similar conditions are encountered in the annular space of flexible pipes when it is filled with CO2 containing condensed water or seawater. The CO2 diffuses from the bore into the annulus through the polymer sheets. Corrosion of the armour wires in contact with the water will result in high levels of Fe2+ and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Several studies have indicated that SCC may occur in solutions with HCO3- concentration by the production of elemental hydrogen from the corrosion reaction. The objective of the present study was to investigate if such conditions can persist for sufficiently long time to induce SCC of armour wire steel. It implies that the nucleation and growth of siderite (FeCO3) is so slow that the solution remains supersaturated for days to weeks. At temperature lower than 40 °C at CO2 partial pressure 0.1-0.05 bar saturation ratios (SR) of siderite can remain much higher than 1 and maintain a near-neutral pH for long time. The conditions that may induce SCC in the annulus flexible pipes are thus possible but the corrosion rate of armour wire steel at these conditions was low at room temperature. Siderite precipitated at the steel surface and the cathodic reaction rate became diffusion controlled. However the pores present in the siderite layer may be suitable sites for the H+ reduction and adsorption of hydrogen in the material.

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Corrosion Of Candidate Alloys For Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) Reactor Under Batch-Mode Operation

Product Number: 51321-16779-SG

Author: Haoyang Li; Yimin Zeng; Xue Han; Minkang Liu; Chunbao (Charles) Xu

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion of Candidate BoP Alloys for the Hydrogen Side in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Product Number: 51324-21036-SG

Author: Morten Tjelta; Jon Kvarekvål

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents corrosion test results of candidate alloys for balance-of-plant (BoP) at the hydrogen side in alkaline water electrolyzers. Experiments were carried out at industrially relevant conditions, i.e. 60-80 °C in 25 wt% KOH solutions at H2 pressures ranging from 1 bar (cf. atmospheric units) to 15 bar (cf. pressurized units). Materials tested were nickel base alloy UNS N06625, austenitic stainless steel UNS S31603, super duplex UNS S327X0 and carbon steel UNS K03014. Mass loss corrosion and localized corrosion based on surface profilometry were used to evaluate materials performance. Corrosion scales were characterized using XRD.

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Corrosion of Candidate Materials for Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Product Number: 51319-13297-SG

Author: Morten Tjelta

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

In alkaline water electrolysis the capital expense (CAPEX) of the electrolyser unit is high and cost reduction wherever possible is highly desired. Many parts are made of expensive nickel-based alloys which in some cases may be an overly conservative option.Careful evaluation of the operating conditions may reveal that expensive alloys may be replaced by cheaper ones in parts of the system.In this paper the corrosion behaviour of candidate materials relevant for use in atmospheric and pressurizedalkaline water electrolysis systems is evaluated at typical operating conditions (i.e. 1-30 bar pressure 60‑80°C and 25 wt% KOH. The materials tested are one nickel base alloy (UNS N06625) one austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31603) one super duplex stainless steel (UNS S327X0) and one carbon steel (UNS K03014).Performance is evaluated based on mass loss corrosion and localized corrosion based on surface profilometry. Corrosion scales and their protectiveness are evaluated based on analysis using SEM/EDS and XRD. Also the different materials are compared using electrochemical techniques (critical pitting potential critical pitting temperature) as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure.

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Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Chloride Salt

Product Number: 51314-4007-SG

ISBN: 4007 2014 CP

Author: Kazuhiro Toba

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated.

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Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Cr-Containing Alloy Steels in CCS Systems

Product Number: 51319-12838-SG

Author: Liang Wei

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion of X70 carbon steel and Cr-containing alloy steels (3Cr and 6.5Cr) in the static and dynamic water-saturated supercritical CO2 environments during CO2 transport of CCS systems were studied in this study. Results shown that the general corrosion rates of the three types of steels under dynamic condition were all larger than those under the static condition. Under both static and dynamic conditions X70 and 3Cr steels suffered obvious localized corrosion which was more severe on 3Cr than X70 steel under dynamic condition. 6.5Cr steel presented excellent localized corrosion resistance in supercritical CO2 environments.

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Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Supercritical CO2/H2S and Its Mitigation Using Coatings

Product Number: 51319-12768-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Carbon steels are widely used in the oil and gas exploration and production service. These steels are prone to corrosion in CO2 and cracking in H2S. The propensity to cracking increases when high strength grades are employed. The use of corrosion resistant alloys incurs costs and only when these costs are justified can such materials be used in industrial service. If these materials can be coated by an industrial method onto carbon steel then their industrial uptake can be increased. To understand the behaviour of CRA coatings on steel several carbon steel coupons were sprayed using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF). Carbon steel specimens with and without CRA coatings were then tested in de-aerated 1000mg/L Cl- solution for 30 days bubbled with 10MPa CO2 at 40°C. In some cases tests were also carried out in supercritical CO2 containing 0.1MPa H2S. Microstructural characterization revealed that the carbon steel formed different scales siderite in pure 10MPa CO2 and mackinawite in CO2 containing 0.1MPa H2S. CRA coatings protected the steel substrate from CO2 corrosion when undamaged and no scale was seen.It was concluded that thermally sprayed CRA coatings can provide a cost-effective corrosion mitigation method for infrastructure likely to be in contact with wet supercritical CO2at 40°C. The scales formed on the steel somewhat protected it from further corrosion in 10 MPa CO2. However it was evident that care must be taken to ensure that the thermally sprayed CRA layer does not have any through porosity or defect; else such coatings may accelerate corrosion of the underlying steel substrate due to galvanic interactions.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance