AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Challenges in a Saudi Aramco Remote Pipelines Corridor

Product Number: MECC23-19915-SG

Author: Ahmad A. Almalki; Naim M. Dakwar

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

External corrosion of underground pipelines is being controlled by the use of latest technologies in protective coatings and by maintaining adequate levels of cathodic protection (CP). The role of the coating is to act as a physical and dielectric (non-conductive) barrier to isolate from the surrounding electrolyte and to limit the CP current requirement. The protective coating acts as the primary or first line of defense against corrosion; however no coating system is perfect and will subject to degradation with time, in addition to some voids/holidays during application, transport, and operations.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Coupon Use for Buried Piping in Plant (i.e. Complex) Facilities

Product Number: 51317--8824-SG

ISBN: 8824 2017 CP

Author: Douglas Gilroy

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Measurement and interpretation of cathodic protection data in plant facilities present challenges where mixed metals are electrically continuous with the protected structure. This paper address some of the confusion and important aspects when using coupons for buried piping in mixed-metal circuits.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Design and Commissioning for Sheet Piles Using SACP Aluminum Anodes

Product Number: MECC23-19890-SG

Author: Ahmad Moustafa Rajab

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Steel sheet piles are widely used in permanent earth retaining and structural foundation works. In the majority of circumstances, they can be used in an unprotected condition, such conditions are when the steel piles does not required any coating or cathodic protection system to be protected and depends solely on the corrosion allowance calculations The degree of corrosion and whether protection is required depends upon the working environment - which can vary even within the same project location.

In general, marine environments are the most corrosive and unpredictable. In the few meters of vertical zoning which most structures encompass, parts of the sheet piles are in contact with soil, and exposed to seawater immersion, inter-tidal, splash and marine atmospheric environments.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Implications of Solar Facilities on Adjacent Pipeline Infrastructure

Product Number: 51323-19090-SG

Author: Wolfgang Fieltsch, Keith Parker

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

As oil and gas operators ramp up their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint, more and more renewable energy projects will be constructed adjacent to pipeline infrastructure and facilities. This can compromise the corrosion protection systems designed to protect the existing pipeline infrastructure and can result in both AC and DC interference risks. There is very little literature related to the cathodic protection (CP) system impacts and interference risks of renewable energy projects on pipeline infrastructure, and how best to mitigate the risks.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Monitoring In Water And Wastewater Systems

Product Number: 51322-17655-SG

Author: Jamey Hilleary

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In 2002 NACE International published a cost of corrosion study backed by the U. S. Federal Highway and Safety Administration estimating the annual cost of corrosion in the U. S. to be $276 billion. In the more detailed breakdown of these costs by industry/market segment the cost associated with the water and wastewater utilities segment in the “Utilities” category was estimated at $36 billion. The water and wastewater utilities segment represented the single largest cost segment in the study. The $36 billion estimate for this single segment of the Utilities category represented more cost than any of the other four categories: Transportation, Infrastructure, Government, and Manufacturing & Production.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Of Mooring Chain In Offshore Environment

Product Number: 51322-17722-SG

Author: Faisal Shahzad, Nils Olav Digre, Kristian Varne

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion in Mooring systems for permanently moored floating production units has been identified as a problem area by authorities as well as industry. A Joint Industry Project (JIP) initiated by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) with participation from major global oil and gas operators as well as equipment suppliers was established in 2014 to review the problem area. ¹ Studies performed as a part of this program have shown that especially mooring chains located in tropical waters have shown signs of rapid corrosion, both general and localized with corrosion rates significantly larger than those specified in design standards. Increased corrosion allowance, as well as increased inspection requirements, have been recommended and corrosion has been reported as the leading cause for pre-emptive replacement of mooring.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection On An Iconic Building Of The Modern Movement Architecture

Product Number: 51321-16599-SG

Author: Xavier Hallopeau/ Arnaud Meillier/ Olivier Lesieutre

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

Cathodic Protection on Steel Reinforced Concrete Marine Structures

Product Number: 51317--9219-SG

ISBN: 9219 2017 CP

Author: Douglas Leng

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The use of cathodic protection has become the preferred method for mitigating corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. A wide variety of both impressed current and sacrificial systems have been effectively used to control the effects of corrosion.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Optimization Using Integrated External Corrosion Management

Product Number: 51324-20917-SG

Author: Keith Parker; Trey Johnston; Christophe Baeté

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Monitoring and maintaining cathodic protection systems is a significant effort for operators each year. Annual survey locations are typically established at features such as casings and foreign pipeline crossings where abnormal operating conditions could result in elevated corrosion rates. Additional test stations are commonly located such that a maximum spacing is not exceeded and installed at locations of convenience, but it is unclear which test station locations provide meaningful data with respect to external corrosion risk. This paper reviews findings of a collection of case studies performed by the Integrated External Corrosion Management (IECM) team since 2021. Process improvements, assessment results, and high-level economic analysis for selected case study pipeline segments will be reviewed and discussed.

Available for download

Cathodic Protection Retrofit for Rehabilitation of Aging Reinforced Concrete Municipal Water Infrastructure: A Case Study

Product Number: 51319-13002-SG

Author: Mersedeh Akhoondan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Reinforced concrete towers in a water reservoir contain gates and the equipment to control the water entering the system. Any interruption in the operation of these towers may cause a huge disruption in the municipal water distribution system. Continuous operation in an aggressive environment often contributes to corrosion of aging water infrastructure. A failure due to corrosion would necessitate extensive repair or replacement costs and unacceptable system downtime. This paper presents a case study focused on a comprehensive condition assessment and corrosion mitigation of an aged forebay outlet tower in Southern California. The inspected tower - in operation since 1941 - is a crucial structure in a water distribution system serving most of the 19 million people in Southern California. The tower illustrated significant concrete deterioration and corrosion of the reinforcement above the operating water surface elevation. An impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system was designed and installed on the tower to extend the life of the structure. Field activities and ICCP installation were dictated by restricted shutdown schedules and operational constraints. The paper addresses the methodology for condition assessment and cathodic protection design as well as challenges encountered due to schedule/operational constraints.

Available for download

Cathodic protection shielding and prevention of the corrosion under disbonded coating in soils

Product Number: 51323-19248-SG

Author: Erwan Diler, Nicolas Larche, Jean Vittonato, François Castillon, Sylvain Fontaine, Thierry Kerzerho, Patrice Lucas, Eric Agel

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Organic coatings protect the underlying metallic substrate against corrosion by acting as a barrier to corrosive species such as water, ions, and oxygen. Unfortunately, coatings might contain defects and could degrade or disbond under some environmental conditions, resulting in favorable pathways for such corrosive species.

Barrier protection is one of the modes by which intact coatings provide protection to metal substrates through a reduction of the transport of materials, ions, or charge.

Available for download

Cathodic protection within narrow gaps of offshore wind turbine foundations

Product Number: 51320-14750-SG

Author: David Buxton, Petra Ernst, Gareth John, Tom Wewer

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Cathodic protection (CP) is routinely applied to the external surfaces of offshore wind turbine monopile foundations to minimize corrosion. When the monopile internals are free-flooding, and therefore also exposed to oxygenated seawater, again, cathodic protection may be applied. In cases of unplanned water exchange through cable entry seals, a small additional surface area, in a gap between the seal and the ‘cable entry hole’ through the steel monopile is then exposed to flowing seawater. Cathodic protection calculations were undertaken to assess whether protection (either applied externally or externally and internally) could penetrate into the small gap and prevent corrosion.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance