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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) constitute a specialized group of phylogenetically diverse anaerobes that are responsible for the dissimilatory reduction of sulfate to sulfide. They are present in a variety of environments, including oil- and gas-bearing formations, soils, and domestic, industrial, and mining wastewaters (1,2). SRB are a major concern in the oil and gas industry with significant economic and safety implication.
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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a key risk to oil and gas infrastructure and confers great cost to asset owners. The AMPP 2021 IMPACT Canada study, which analyzed the energy, manufacturing, and mining sectors, shows the cost of corrosion in Canada is roughly $51.9 billion per year. To break this down further, MIC is estimated to make up roughly 20% of all corrosion which is roughly $10.4 billion in Canada alone, each year.
The suitability of valves in certain profiles for low-pressure pure and blended hydrogen gas service has been investigated. To achieve this, the existing standards, practices, design codes and regulations are reviewed in this paper and the input of natural gas operators, engineering companies, valve manufacturers and experts has been utilized.
The research and trials done by natural gas operators is starting to reveal that the effect of low-pressure hydrogen gas on valves is negligible and the risks involved due to hydrogen embrittlement were low.
Accelerated corrosion test methods are regularly utilized in coating industries to predict the performance of coatings in real life exposure. The performance of coatings in these accelerated tests is a key step in the product development cycle. It is essential to understand different factors that may introduce variability in the test result.
The calcium chloride moisture vapor transmission test has steadily gained acceptance in the floor coating industry. This paper discusses variables that affect the results of moisture vapor transmission testing, and presents the results of testing designed to measure the effects of certain environmental parameters on the results of calcium chloride moisture vapor transmission testing.
Adhesion is a physical property that is crucial in many coatings, sealants, and adhesive applications, be it automotive, marine, or aerospace for example. Pull-off adhesion testing is an important tool in evaluating a coating’s performance, particularly while comparing pre- and post-exposure results. No matter what the application, the method for testing adhesion along with selecting the appropriate testing criteria has been the subject of multiple studies and reviews in the historical literature.
The AC interference between High Voltage AC (HVAC) power lines and pipelines has been modelled with various software programs all of which have a variety of input data which results in various results and outputs.Important aspects such as the soil resistivity along the pipeline route can have a significant impact on the pipelines coating resistance. This in turn affects both the computed AC voltages and current densities both of which can significantly affect personal safety and corrosion of the pipeline.Therefore the spacing between these field measurements along the pipeline route can have a significant effect on the pipeline integrity. Soil resistivity measurements collected every 1000ft versus every 5280ft (1 mile) can have a dire consequence on the corrosion results and the matter is exacerbated where these soil resistivity measurement values change significantly along the route. The accuracy of the soil resistivity field data relative to the actual routing (wetlands rivers low and high resistivity’s etc.) will also affect the correct placement of the AC Mitigation (grounding) as well as the resistance of the grounding which in turn has a cost implication to the asset owners and/or operators.Other aspects such as the power line LEF/EMF may also be used to “calibrate” the AC Interference especially where load data is absent.This paper addresses the critical importance of collecting adequate data for the AC Interference studies to prevent costly installations and to mitigate the incorrect positioning of AC Mitigation systems due to inadequate information.
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Metals and their alloys offer high strength and outstanding mechanical properties. When exposed to corrosive conditions metals corrode first creating minor aesthetic problems then with time and further corrosion significant damage and a loss of service life. Corrosion has a demonstrated economic impact on all modern societies. Often multi-layer anticorrosion coatings systems protect the metal from corrosion.