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The global cost of corrosion is estimated to be US$2.5 trillion, which is equivalent to 3.4% of the global GDP (2013). By using available corrosion control practices, it is estimated that savings of between 15 and 35% of the cost of corrosion could be realized; i.e., between US$375 and $875 billion annually on a global basis. These costs do not include individual safety or environmental consequences which can occur due to near misses, incidents, forced shutdowns (outages), accidents, etc.
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This paper will provide information on the standards used in evaluating and determining correct application and selection of protective coatings and linings used in the wastewater industry. It will also highlight certification that can be used in evaluating contractors and inspection companies used in the coating and lining process.
Cathodic protection (CP) is an electrochemical corrosion prevention technique, which is implemented by circulating a direct current between an electrode (anode) placed in the environment and the structure to be protected (the cathode): this current causes a lowering of the potential of the metal and reduces its corrosion rate, until it stops.
Pre-construction primers (also known as shop primers or pre-fabrication primers) are very thin films applied to blast cleaned steel plates and shapes to provide preservation of the blasted steel during the shipbuilding or construction process. SSPC is developing an industry guide document containing information regarding the use of pre-construction primers (PCP) on structural steel in shipbuilding.
This article will improve the existing literature and develop the corrosion industry by expanding the knowledge of the CPHM system. I will also show one of the ways to increase the safety, availability and operational efficiency of aircraft.
The production of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be carried out by the membrane, diaphragm or mercury process. The biggest difference between these processes, with regard to fluid composition, is that the caustic soda (NaOH) produced by the diaphragm process has a higher chloride content during its production process.
Such aggressiveness in the environment generally calls for the use of special materials to increase the useful life of the equipment and avoid unscheduled shutdowns in the production unit.
EWPD of Saudi Aramco is the custodian of five large volume crude oil storage tanks with diameter of 106 m (348’) and 110 m (360’), where the crude oil is stored and transported from eastern region to western region. The tank which is being addressed in this paper is an API1 650 with floating roof. Its capacity is 1,013,000 barrels and its diameter is 110 m. This tank was built in 1978 on an oily sand pad and reinforced concrete ring wall. The inboard and sketch plates are 6.35 mm thick, and annular plates are 16 mm thick
Water, steam, and waterjetting have long been used in the conservation of historic artifacts and structures such as the R.M.S. Titanic and the Saturn V Rocket at Johnson Space Center. Integral to the conservation is the removal of loose material, reduction in salts and corrosion, retention of coatings and desirable patina, and repair of damaged areas.
The corrosive fluids transportation inside carbon steel pipelines is critical due to internal corrosion. To avoid failures barrier corrosion protection techniques are applied by insulating the inner metal wall of the pipe. However when the tubes are welded together the inner coating is damaged by the heat generated during the welding process. As a result the ends of the tubes are uncoated and consequently subjected to corrosion. There are solutions to this problem but all have some kind of inconvenience either by the cost of implementation or the difficulty of application. This work aims to present the results of the tests of the application of an alternative technique: zinc thermally sprayed as sacrificial anode for internal protection of welded joints.
Application and curing dynamics of paints are rarely quantified over a wide range of varying climactic conditions; yet this information is critical to the final performance of the coating. There is a growing need among raw material suppliers, formulators, and applicators to better understand the performance of products under the extreme humidity and temperature conditions experienced during application.