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Two successive leakages were reported in the heat exchanger composed of 8 rows of finned tubes of the convection section of the condensate stripper re-boiler. A comprehensive study (Failure Analysis) has been conducted to reveal the form of failure. The failure was recognized as erosion and cavitation damage.
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Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) and External Corrosion continue to be a major issue for Petrochemical facilities. Refineries have been investing in a CUI and External Corrosion inspection program. This paper details the methodology for addressing this damage and lessons learned throughout the implementation.
Case studies of corrosion under insulation (CUI), identifying the key contributory factors within each example and discussing the limitations of the first pass desktop approach. Experience has verified that intimate knowledge of the system in question can greatly increase the probability of success and reduce risks.
The crevice corrosion resistance of duplex and super duplex stainless steels used for seawater pumps was evaluated by comparing the to results tests conducted using actual seawater with the behavior of the stainless steels in artificial seawater
Remote monitoring reduces the cost of monitoring cathodic protection and improves the reliability of cathodic protection systems. Automated processes by the end user can populate data into existing databases customized for cathodic protection record-keeping, and can be integrated with other software.
Today, multi-purpose, built-for-purpose, all-in-one, pipeline integrity automation, wireless, data communication radios are available that monitor and report all cathodic protection rectifier operations, automate rectifier interruption, monitor rectifier operational status, monitor and report pipe-to-soil potential, pipeline pressure and pipeline pigging operations.
A parametric study of sour corrosion was conducted and is presented in this paper to provide a better understanding of corrosion in sour gas environments. Various parameters that are known to affect the corrosion rate were evaluated and their impacts on corrosion rate are discussed.
Field experience was studied to identify the best solutions to Localized corrosion of 316 stainless steel instrument and chemical injection tubing in marine environment. Laboratory tests and exposure in marine environment of samples have been used to evaluate possible alternative materials and protective chemicals.
This paper describes three corrosion case histories caused by overconfidence and lack of thorough understanding of the corroding systems. 1. Exchanger tube failure. 2. Hydrogen induced cracking. 3. Inappropriate mixing of process streams.
This paper presents a recent effort to further minimize the threat of corrosion by wet ammonium chloride salt. Includes advances in fundamental understanding salt behavior, predictive mdeling, integration of models with process and operations.
A review of erosion guidelines for allowable production rates is presented and improvements in choosing American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice (API RP) 14E C-factors are proposed to mitigate erosion that permits higher oil production rates yet keeps erosion rates at acceptable levels.
Corrosion prevention and control for equipment is a costly and decreasingly effective activity for the Air Force, especially under scenarios to austere locations. One concept for remedy is a modular shelter, powered with mobile generators using integrated energy sources to reduce operational costs.