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This paper presents several case histories where ductile iron pipeline sections have been investigated to ascertain the corrosioncontrol benefits of polyethylene encasement. Investigative procedures, included cell-to-cell potential surveys, side-drain technique measurements, in-situ and laboratory soil tests, pipe-to-soil potential measurements and excavation inspections.
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New high-solids coatings are sometimes required to meet volatile organic compound (VOC) legislation. Lack of data on same needs accelerated test methods to evaluate performance. The test method must: • Be performed using commercially available equipment • Take a relatively short time period. • Correlate with real life exposure.
Modern high performance paint systems are so durable that when exposed to natural weathering they may show only slight signs of deterioration. This means that new coatings being marketed have limited track records. Which creates an increased reliance on accelerated laboratory testing to evaluate performance.
Users are now beginning to specify low amounts (typically <30ppm) of free chloride in the coatings to be applied to stainless steel.This paper details the development of a method that clearly identifies a reproducible level of leachable chloride present in coatings.
Optimisation of maintenance and inspection programmes through risk analysis can be used for coating maintenance. The risk picture can be described by 1) Scenario, 2) Frequencies, and 3) Consequences, for protective coatings. A systematic approach for optimisation of the maintenance programme has been developed.
Presence of surface rust is normally assumed to decrease the performance of coatings. In this work various maintenance coatings were applied on pre-rusted steel cleaned by two different power tools: rotating disc and rotating steel brush.
This paper discusses a classic example where the facts surrounding the failure of a lining system were ignored and undue reliance was placed on laboratory analysis. This “blind faith” in analytical data without a sound causal theory caused the failure analysts to disregard or overlook the obvious.
Electrochemical and slow strain rate tests were done to demonstrate the protective ability of a thermal sprayed aluminum coating to prevent chloride stress corrosion cracking of TP304L SS in aqueous chloride solutions. Mitigation methods.
Three layer polypropylene (3LPP) pipeline coatings failed prematurely in the oilfields of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A failure investigation and analysis into this phenomenon was instigated. The coating disbondment has been found to be due to high residual stress concentration and adhesion loss.
Nickel alloys UNS N06625, UNS N06059, UNS N06022, UNS N08825 and one Special Stainless Steel (UNS N08031) are overlay welded in 1 to 3 layers on carbon steel. The dilution is measured and results of pitting corrosion in an immersion test with “Green Death” solution will be discussed.
Damage to coatings leads to higher potential corrosion sites on the metallic surface and could ultimately lead to a decrease in service life. This paper will present a novel coating system that incorporates both damage resistance and flexibility in a system that is not subject to cathodic shielding.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) is required to protect the pipes in higher temperatures. This paper reports evaluation methods for these high Tg FBE, and the performance differences between the high Tg FBE and general FBE.