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Performance of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Acidic Chloride Solutions containing Bleach

Product Number: 51323-19338-SG

Author: Ling Chen, Vinay Deodeshmukh, Ajit Mishra

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Bleach is widely used domestically or industrially in many fields. For example in water treatment, bleach is a very effective additive for disinfection and odor control. It is used for treating polluted water containing organic contaminates and waterborne pathogens.

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Performance of Damaged Thermal Spray Coatings in Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Used in Geothermal Plants

Product Number: 51324-21060-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul; Catherine Leahy

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

In the landscape of transitioning to clean energy sources, geothermal energy is likely to be a key player in the energy mix. Geothermal energy technology has expanded its scope from primarily serving the electricity market to encompass a wider array of applications within the energy sector. This evolution includes sustainable heating and cooling solutions, making geothermal energy a dependable and cost-efficient source of renewable power, unaffected by weather conditions. However, corrosion poses a significant challenge in numerous geothermal facilities, exerting a considerable adverse influence on the economic viability of the geothermal sector. The capacity to engineer surfaces to combat corrosion represents a valuable tool for both engineers and plant operators, enhancing maintenance and repair practices. This paper explores the possibility of using thermal spray coatings on steel substrates and modify its corrosion behaviour in phase change materials (PCMs) used in geothermal plants. The selection of thermal spray coatings was guided by factors such as their documented performance, applicability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. The philosophy was to select coatings that were anodic to the substrate in molten PCM that would protect the substrate in case of any damage to the coating. Carbon steel substrate with thermal spray coatings of Al was prepared, artificial defect was created, and the specimen were exposed to molten nitrate-nitrite PCM at 165°C for 168h. After testing, the specimen was visually examined and detailed post-test characterisation [light and electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) etc] of surface and cross-sections was carried out. These measurements provided an indication of performance of the coatings and allowed further understanding of the mechanism of degradation of materials in nitrate-nitrite PCM in the presence of artificially-introduced through-thickness coating defect. The study showed that thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) could provide a possible corrosion mitigation pathway for carbon steel structures in nitrate-nitrite based PCM systems even when damaged.

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Performance of Distributed Galvanic Anode Systems in Bridge Structures

Product Number: 51323-19214-SG

Author: Ben Ricker, Max Nie, Liao Haixue

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion of reinforcing steel is recognized as the major cause of the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Exposure to de-icing salts, seawater and chloride-containing set accelerators, plays a significant role in reinforcing steel corrosion (Figure 1). When the chloride content at the rebar level exceeds the threshold for initiation of corrosion, the passivation protective film on the rebar surface is destroyed and a corrosion cell can form either on the same piece of rebar with anodic and cathodic sites adjacent to each other, or a macro-cell between two different layers of reinforcement.

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Performance of Distributed Galvanic Anode Systems on Bridges in the United States

Product Number: 51323-19172-SG

Author: J. Chris Ball, Matt Miltenberger, Brian Pailes

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Embedded galvanic anodes designed to protect reinforcing steel in chloride-contaminated concrete adjacent to concrete “patch” repairs were developed in the late 1990’s. The original concrete anode was puck-shaped and consisted of high purity zinc encased in a mortar formulated with high porosity and lithium hydroxide to maintain a pH greater than 14 to keep the zinc active over the life of the anode. This approach of a high pH mortar around the zinc to prevent anode passivation is commonly referred to as alkali-activation.

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Performance Of Laser Additively Manufactured Alloys In (Light Water) Reactor Environments

Product Number: ED22-17282-SG

Author: Bogdan Alexandreanu, Xuan Zhang, Yiren Chen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Nuclear power has been the largest source of carbon-free power in the U.S. (and much of the developed world) for almost a half century. As such, in the U.S. today, nuclear power plants of the Light Water Reactor (LWR) design generate 20% of all electricity, comprising over half of carbon-free electricity generation. In order to meet the short-term 2030 greenhouse gas emission reduction target, the existing nuclear fleet will play an important role, while the development and deployment of advanced reactors such as the small modular reactors (SMR) of the LWR design can be accelerated.

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Performance of Thermal Spray Coatings in Phase Change Materials (PCMs) used in Geothermal Plants

Product Number: 51323-18862-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul, Catherine Leahy

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Geothermal energy has been an integral part of the renewable energy mix for several decades. The total installed geothermal power generation capacity by the end of 2021 was 15,854 MW. Despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic, new capability was developed, and capacity was added in several countries. The capacity was increased by 246 MW from the figure in 2020.4

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Performance of Thermally Sprayed Aluminium in 10MPa Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51324-21069-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul; Catherine Leahy

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper reports the performance of thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) in an aqueous solution pressurized with 10MPa supercritical CO2 at 40°C. Carbon steel specimen (BS EN 10025 S355) was coated with TSA and exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution pressurised with 10MPa CO2. The specimen was taken out after the 168h test and post-test examination was carried out. Post-test visual examination indicate no significant signs of damage which was confirmed by microstructural characterization. The SEM micrographs indicated promising behaviour of TSA with no corrosion was seen at the TSA-steel interface. However, one must note that the test was carried out for 168h and such short term test seldom give long-term corrosion performance. Nonetheless, the initial results looks interesting and provides some indication of TSA’s promise for protection of steel against CO2 corrosion.

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Performing Coating And Corrosion Assessments To Maintain Military Fuel Piping

Product Number: 51322-18027-SG

Author: Adam Beers

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In any military base, there are numerous assets that need to be maintained. These assets can easily be traced from the fuel offload all the way through to the fuel dispenser. In between, this fuel travels through pipelines, into storage tanks, into pump stations, through filter separators, into fuel dispensers, and finally into either a track or non-track vehicle including jets. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop a system to inventory all assets and perform condition assessments on each to prevent degradation, corrosion, possible section loss of the metallic substrate, and loss of the liquid fuel. This paper will highlight some of the assets related to the fuels pipeline and related assets.

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Performing Corrosion Risks Assessments of Nuclear Waste Process Tanks Containing Variable Waste Chemistries

Product Number: 51323-18878-SG

Author: J.S. Page, S.T. Campbell, C.L. Girardot, J.R. Gunter

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Hanford Site stores over 50 million gallons (190 million liters) of legacy nuclear process waste that was generated from plutonium separations and waste management processes. This waste, in the form of supernatant liquids, saltcakes, and sludges is contained in large underground storage tanks, up to a million gallons (3.78 million liters) in capacity and lined with carbon steel. The waste was made highly alkaline to ensure passivation of the carbon steel, but it also contains nitrate, in high concentrations, along with fluoride and chloride that poses risks for stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion.

Phase Field Modeling Of Oxide Growth In An Aged Fe-Cr

Product Number: ED22-17141-SG

Author: Yongfeng Zhang, Líney Árnadóttir, Julie Tucker, Burkan Isgor, Kofi Oware Sarfo, Larry Aagesen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are widely used as structural alloys in marine and energy industries because of their excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In light water reactor (LWR) power plants, these alloys find their applications in piping and internal structural components. With a currently designed lifetime of 40 years, these DSS components show little degradation in their mechanical properties. However, most current and future nuclear power plants are expected to operate beyond 60 years. This prolonged service period challenges the integrity of materials and components in the reactor. DSS component lifetime in the reactor is subjected to elevated temperatures, internal pressures, and corrosive environments.

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PHMSA Gas Pipeline Mega Rule

Product Number: 51324-20895-SG

Author: Sasan M Hosein

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) recently released the final rule known as the “Mega Rule” which includes a set of regulations designed to improve pipeline safety by reducing the frequency of pipeline failures. The intent of the rule is to address lessons learned following the Pacific Gas and Electric Company rupture and release in San Bruno, California, in September 2010. On September 9, 2010, a natural gas pipeline owned by Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) exploded in San Bruno, CA. creating a fire that killed eight people, destroyed more than 100 homes and cost $2.8 billion. An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that PG&E had a faulty integrity management (IM) system that failed to detect a defective section of the pipeline resulting in the devastating explosion. The PG&E incident spurred action from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to revise the existing Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations (FPSR) to improve the safety of onshore gas transmission pipelines. These revisions are known as the Mega Rule. This final rule responds to the incident by extending existing design, operational and maintenance, and reporting requirements under the Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations to onshore natural gas transmission pipelines and gathering pipelines in rural areas. The Mega Rule is a sweeping set of regulations comprised of three parts: • Part 1 focuses on the safety of gas transmission pipelines. • Part 2 introduces new guidelines about IM, updated requirements for high consequence areas (HCAs) and expectations for operators following extreme weather events and natural disasters. • Part 3 expands certain safety requirements to all onshore gas gathering pipelines.

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Ph-Responsive Copolymers As Silica Scale Inhibitors

Product Number: 51322-17703-SG

Author: Georgia Skordalou, Konstantinos D. Demadis

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Silicon is an important element of our Planet’s crust, which is transferred into water streams through dissolution.1 Hence, it is usually found as water-soluble silicate or colloidal silica in natural surface waters (sea, rivers, lakes), or underground waters. When such water is used for industrial purposes (eg. industrial cooling), silicate can enter the operating system and can pose a threat to its proper operation. The main reason is the solubility of amorphous silica, a product of the silicate polycondensation process.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance