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The effect of reeling on the qualification of CRA lined and clad pipes according to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3: a methodology to qualify reeled pipelines

The use of carbon steel pipelines lined or clad with corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) is increasing in the O&G industry. These pipelines combine the mechanical properties of carbon steel with the corrosion resistance of CRAs. Some CRAs such as AISI 316L (UNS 31603) are not pre-qualified according to ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 part 3. The potential for corrosion and cracking of carbon steel in some applications can require a CRA liner/clad layer to resist corrosion but this can introduce the possible risk of stress corrosion cracking of some CRAs.

Product Number: 51323-18919-SG
Author: Riccardo Rizzo, Bjarte Lillebø, Stefan Marion, Erik Krogstad Sverre, Mads Arild Eidem, Karl Gunnar Solheim
Publication Date: 2023
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

The use of carbon steel pipelines lined or clad with corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) is increasing in the oil and gas (O&G) industry. These pipelines combine the mechanical properties of carbon steel with the corrosion resistance of CRAs. Some CRAs such as AISI 316L (UNS 31603) are not pre-qualified according to ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 part 3. A note in table A.2 of the standard specifies that AISI 316L (UNS 31603) “shall be free from cold work caused by shaping, forming, cold reducing, tension, expansion, etc. after the final solution annealing and quenching treatment”. During installation in the reeling process, these pipes are subjected to cold deformation caused by cycles of compression and tension. Therefore, UNS 31603 liner or clad material must be qualified according to ISO 15156-3. These pipes are additionally welded with girth and longitudinal welds. This paper presents an approach to simulate the effect of the reeling process (cold deformation) during the qualification of UNS 31603 lined and clad pipes. This approach is in line with DNV ST-F101 which refers to DNV RP-F108. Throughout this paper, the methodology is described and the learnings are discussed.

The use of carbon steel pipelines lined or clad with corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) is increasing in the oil and gas (O&G) industry. These pipelines combine the mechanical properties of carbon steel with the corrosion resistance of CRAs. Some CRAs such as AISI 316L (UNS 31603) are not pre-qualified according to ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 part 3. A note in table A.2 of the standard specifies that AISI 316L (UNS 31603) “shall be free from cold work caused by shaping, forming, cold reducing, tension, expansion, etc. after the final solution annealing and quenching treatment”. During installation in the reeling process, these pipes are subjected to cold deformation caused by cycles of compression and tension. Therefore, UNS 31603 liner or clad material must be qualified according to ISO 15156-3. These pipes are additionally welded with girth and longitudinal welds. This paper presents an approach to simulate the effect of the reeling process (cold deformation) during the qualification of UNS 31603 lined and clad pipes. This approach is in line with DNV ST-F101 which refers to DNV RP-F108. Throughout this paper, the methodology is described and the learnings are discussed.

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Picture for Sulfide Stress Cracking Test of TMCP Pipeline Steels in NACE MR0175 Region 3 Conditions
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Sulfide Stress Cracking Test of TMCP Pipeline Steels in NACE MR0175 Region 3 Conditions

Product Number: 51320-14446-SG
Author: Xin Yue, Weiji Huang, Andrew J. Wasson, Jamey A. Fenske, Timothy D. Anderson, Brian D. Newbury, Doug P. Fairchild
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

Steel pipelines are sometimes subjected to demanding sour environments resulting from the presence of high H2S contents. Pipeline materials, therefore, must be resilient against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) which is caused by H2S. Beginning in the 1980s, thermo-mechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels have been widely used for the manufacturing of large-diameter sour service pipelines. The failure of the Kashagan pipelines in 2013 raised concern regarding the use of TMCP steels in sour environments. These concerns arise from the potential for local hard zones (LHZs) to be produced on the surface of the line pipe during TMCP processes, ultimately leading to through-wall SSC failures. In the present study, several X60 - X65 TMCP steels (both with and without LHZs) have been tested under different Region 3 (R3) conditions in the NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 pH-H2S partial pressure diagram. It can be concluded that the presence of LHZs increases TMCP steels’ sour cracking susceptibility; however, TMCP steels without LHZs pass the SSC tests at even the most severe R3 environments. Traditional HRC or HV10 testing are not able to detect LHZs, and so lower load HV 0.5 or HV 0.1 tests are necessary. For TMCP steels, the current R3 may be further divided into R3-a and R3-b sub-regions. The sour cracking severity of R3-a is less than that of R3-b. Additional actions, like enhanced mill qualification of the TMCP plate, should be considered to ensure that no LHZs exist in steels to be utilized in R3-b environments.