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Electrochemical protection techniques have provided owners of reinforced concrete infrastructure a highly effective option for controlling reinforcement corrosion. This is particularly so for coastal assets, such as wharves and bridges which are exposed to seawater and in turn the corrosive effects thatfollow as chlorides migrate through the concrete cover to the reinforcement. Protection technologies have evolved considerably over the past 30 years in the Australian market.
A large variety of electrochemical protection systems for the corrosion protection of reinforced concrete structures are available to asset owners and operators. The array available can make appropriate selection challenging for those responsible for concrete infrastructure. This paper will review the various advancements in the currently available systems with respect to performance, suitability/constructability, and sustainability based on experiences with designing and installing Impressed Current, Hybrid Anode, Sacrificial Anode, and electrochemical chloride extractionsystems, nationally across Australia. There is now a substantial field of information available regarding the various system types which provides an interesting discussion point around the technologies as the systems have appropriately matured, with a focus on installations to Bridge, and Wharf Infrastructure.
There are mainly two commonly adopted criteria for controlling CP. One is the polarized potential criterion and the other one is the polarization shift criterion1. These criteria are not the true criterion for cathodic protection; they are the surrogate criteria (see below). The polarized potential criterion is to control the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential within a specified range. For example, the instant-off potential should be between -0.85 and -1.2 V vs Cu/CuSO4 (VCSE) for pipelines buried in soil. The polarization shift criterion is to control the polarization of a CP-protected structure to a given minimum value and this minimum value is usually 100 mV. The polarization is determined either by the difference between the corrosion potential of the structure measured before CP is applied and the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential, or by the difference between the depolarized potential of the structure and the instant-off structure-to-electrolyte potential.
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In this paper, the CP current distribution with changing resistivities and the area of influence required to meet effective CP criteria, is studied. The results indicate that the tank pad electrolyte resistivity plays a significant role in achieving uniform CP current distribution. The paper also explores the use of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) and its effect on electrolyte resistivity and the resulting CP current distribution.