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For development of further high-strength low-alloy steel OCTG for sour service, effects of carbon content on the strength, microstructure, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of low-alloy steel were fundamentally investigated.
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Methodology to simulate actual oil and gas field condition in laboratory tests. A sulfide stress cracking test is carried out on 13% Cr stainless steel with various buffer solutions. Then, pH behavior was estimated. A suitable composition of the solution is proposed by using thermodynamic calculations.
Stainless steel UNS S17400 (17-4PH) has been successfully used in oilfield services outside the traditional NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 limits for permanent equipment. The exact operational envelops of 17-4PH (HH1150), including the tensile threshold stress, sour gas partial pressure, temperature, and exposure time that enable the crack-free usage of 17-4PH (HH1150) are not well established. For service equipment, NACE MR0175/ISO15156 currently provides exemptions from the tight environmental restrictions of permanent equipment, but instead limits the maximum applied stress to a debatable 60% of the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS). In this investigation, the sulfide stress-corrosion cracking of 17-4PH is revisited through 51 new NACE TM0177 Methods A tests conducted over 240 hours minimum (480hrs in certain cases). Under unrestricted sour gas partial pressures, the threshold tensile stress below which cracking does not occur is between 45% and 60% of the SMYS at ambient temperature. Alloy 17-4PH is also less susceptible to sulfide stress cracking as temperature increases from 70°F (21°C) to 350°F (177°C). Risk of sulfide stress cracking is also greatly mitigated when delta ferrite is controlled. With reduced delta ferrite, as provided by two out of three tested heats, and reverted austenite promoted by both chemical composition and longer aging treatments, no cracking is seen at 60% stress level up to 45psi H2S (0.31MPa); at 45% stress level, this value is increased to 120psi (0.83MPa) based on newly-collected test data.
The stainless steel 17-4 PH (H1150D) is a cost-effective alloy for oilfield components due to its combination of high strength, toughness, and good corrosion resistance. Plasma nitriding improves the surface strength of the 17-4 PH and this work suggests that the nitrided can the resistance to SSC.
The presence of trenches on low alloy steels (LAS) in sour environments at the open circuit potential (OCP) has been reported since 1977. Originally, they were classified as deep and elongated localized corrosion pits. Recently, many authors have referred to them as “stress-induced grooves.
The testing of metals for resistance to cracking failure under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion in aqueous environments containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S)...termed sulfide stress cracking (SSC) Historical Document 1996
This standard establishes a SSR test method for screening CRA materials (i.e., stainless steels and nickel-base alloys) for resistance to SCC at elevated temperatures in sour oilfield production environments. Historical Document 1998
管道、压力容器抗氢致开裂钢性能评价的试验方法
Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steels. Comparing test results from different laboratories of the absorption of hydrogen generated by corrosion of steel in wet H2S.