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This paper will describe a multi-channel corrosion and stray-current monitoring system and the design consideration/philosophy used when determining the measurement locations throughout the system and the challenges presented and overcome. Follows NACE Corrosion 2012 (paper C2012-01727).
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The electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is one of the key parameters in the electromechanics of corrosion. Highly conductive electrolytes will permit more current and increase corrosion rates. Conversely, resistive electrolytes will enable less current to flow until the necessary conditions for corrosion are no longer satisfied or slowed.
Oil and gas buried pipelines are protected against corrosion by both organic coatings, a passive protection system, and cathodic protection, an active protection system. When coating defects occur, CP controls the corrosion of the exposed steel surface. From an operating point of view, cathodic protection interruptions can occur on the network during interventions, consignments, or technical problems. Literature indicates that during CP interruption the corrosion rate of the metal remains lower than its free corrosion rate. Application of CP confers a remanence of protection to the metal. The objective of this study is to determine the safe duration for cathodic protection interruptions depending on environmental and cathodic protection conditions.
The goal of this compilation is to educate the reader through experiences and observations from real-world applications and to provide tools for the identification and remediation of pipeline corrosion issues before failure. Pipelines have been used to transport fuels since the 19th century. While there is no clear consensus of the total number of pipeline miles in use throughout the world, most agree that the U.S. has over 2.5 million mi of energy pipelines. This book provide tools for the identification and remediation of pipeline corrosion issues before failure.
2018 NACE e-book
Estimating corrosion growth rates for underground pipelines is a challenging problem. There are confounding variables with complex interaction effects that may result in unexpected outcomes. For instance, the relationship between soil conditions and AC interference is highly non-linear and challenging to model. This work expands upon prior work using a suite of machine learning tools to estimate corrosion rates. However, instead of estimating a single corrosion growth rate for a single girth weld address (GWA), this work estimates a distribution of potential corrosion growth rates. Modeling distributions provide a more effective risk-measurement framework, especially concerning high volatility or areas of severe tail risk.
This work relies heavily on machine learning and geospatial tools - particularly artificial neural networks and gradient boosted trees to estimate the corrosion rates and non-linear processes. Building upon prior work using data from a North American Operator, the models in this paper use additional variables from recent research in AC interference and microbiologically influenced corrosion to construct a higher accuracy and distribution-based model of pipeline corrosion risk.
Cathodic protection is used in addition to organic coatings to ensure the integrity of offshore and onshore buried structures against corrosion. The cathodic protection efficiency is usually ensured by keeping the potential of the structure to be protected in a narrow range following standard recommendations such as ISO 15589-1 and/or NF EN 12954. For onshore buried structures, this potential range is limited by the protection potential Ep and the limit potential El.
Managing external corrosion, especially for underground assets, is a significant challenge dating back to the first underground pipeline in 1865. The very first issue of the journal, CORROSION, featured a headline story on this subject. This subject is fundamental for corrosion engineers and pipeline operators.