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Traditional internal lining schemes for the storage/transport of crude oil & refined fuels may no longer be appropriate. The aggressive nature of crude oil (high temp. & more sour), high purity refined products & increased use of biofuels demand better linings & more certain test results. The focus of this paper is to review the trends in test methodology from the early 1990’s to present.
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Three brands of oil-soluble water-dispersible inhibitors were evaluated with the rotating cage autoclave (RCA). Some inhibitors showed enough efficiency at high rotating speed but the others require more dosage to maintain the same result.
Most cured epoxy resins provide excellent mechanical strength and toughness as well as outstanding chemical, moisture, and corrosion resistance. They also have good thermal, adhesive, and electrical properties, no volatiles emissions, low shrinkage upon cure and dimensional stability1. This unique combination of properties coupled with outstanding formulating versatility and reasonable costs, have gained epoxy resins wide acceptance as materials of choice for a multitude of protective coatings applications.
Development of linings for high temperature, high-pressure applications present a number of special challenges. Challenges include chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, adhesion under cycling temperature and pressure conditions, flexibility, application properties, as well as resistance to pressure and temperature.
Components utilized in oil field operations are often exposed to harsh environments. Corrosion and wear of components and piping can be considered one of the main causes of failure. These components are exposed to high flow rates, high pressures, and other environmental conditions.
One can find some of the most aggressive and corrosive environments for coatings in the process work and equipment functions for Oil and Gas Upstream facilities. These conditions have typically been handled using traditional coating options such as vinyl esters, epoxies, or baked phenolic linings. While these products are often tailored to environments with elevated temperatures and pressures found within upstream and “downhole” oil and gas production, the inception of new drilling techniques and the discovery of new shale basins has morphed the landscape of corrosive environments in this market.
Olin Epoxy has designed a unique low VOC and high solids epoxy system which offers superior performance in tank liner application. The formulation of these novel materials in high temperature and high chemical resistant ambient cure tank liner will be described.
Production of highly sour oil and gas fields has increased recently, which introduces new challenges forcorrosion control. In recent years, some unexpected and unexplained pipeline failures have occurred,resulting in complex investigations and laboratory corrosion performance testing studies to assess theinhibitors that are applied in these environments. While some of these failures are due to cracking insour environments which are prevented by alternative material selection or different operation pipelinemaintenance, we were specifically looking at cases where chemical inhibitors could be used to mitigatecorrosion.
This test method has been prepared to provide manufacturers, applicators, and users of internal pipe coatings with a method of comparing the performance of these coatings. The method used in this standard is not intended to correlate with any particular field performance but is intended solely to compare samples of internally coated tubular goods under uniform laboratory test conditions.
During the 72-year history of using high performance coating systems for pipe internal corrosion control, there has been a slow introduction of different resin chemistries that serve as the backbone of these coating systems. While phenolic resins systems were the primary starting point, it transitioned to include epoxies, novolacs, nylons, urethanes and others. As needs outside corrosion control like deposit mitigation and wear resistance arose, coatings based on other specialty resin chemistries, like from the fluoropolymer family, were developed.