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The corrosion of aircraft costs the U.S. Department of Defense billions of dollars annually and accounts for a significant portion of maintenance time and costs.1 Coatings are the most effective way to protect aircraft, but they have a finite lifetime and must be maintained or replaced before the underlying substrate is damaged by corrosion. Current aircraft maintenance practices call for coating inspections and maintenance based on elapsed time and not on measurements of coating health. Coating lifetime varies depending on the environmental stressors experienced in service, including temperature, humidity, and salt loading.
In this work, laboratory test methodologies that employ the combined environmental stressors of time of wetness and salt loading were used to excite corrosion failure modes of coating systems. Real-time measurements via interdigitated electrodes were correlated with reference panel images to monitor the evolution of coating damage. These data can give insights into the coating degradation process and can be used as parameters for developing a predictive coating condition model. A description of the sensors, electrochemical measurements, and methods for coating testing are reported along with the results of atmospheric tests using a range of conditions to produce coating degradation.
Although the form and function of a well-designed building are important, it is the long-term performance and durability of a building and its components that will be important to the owner(s) and occupants. Therefore, during the design of buildings, the selection of the appropriate materials and understanding the long-term performance of the specified materials exposed to various site-specific environmental conditions is critical in avoiding the potential “failure by design”. The case study presented will focus on the coating failure by design, that could have been avoided by the original design and construction team and resulted in costly litigation and eventually the complete removal of a key architectural element on two high-rise condominium buildings located along the Florida coastline
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Various austenitic stainless steels such as UNS S30409, S31609, S32109 and 34709 are widely used in complex refinery or chemical plants at temperature ranges between 550°C and 950°C. However, Stress Relaxation Cracking (SRC) in welded joints or cold deformed parts has been a serious problem during fabrication or operation. Several researches were conducted to construct SRC test methods. This included the evaluation of SRC susceptibilities among various austenitic stainless steels and to determine SRC mechanism within TNO Science and Industry or JIP1-4. It was concluded that SRC was caused by the accommodation of strain due to both carbide/nitride precipitation hardening inhibiting dislocation movement and the formation of precipitation free zone along the M23C6 carbide at grain boundary during stress relaxation process of welding residual stresses at temperatures between 550°C and 750°C.
Industrial usage of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) has grown consistently in recent years, thanks to the improved characteristics imparted to the oxide film in terms of surface adhesion, hardness, crystallinity, uniformity, and corrosion resistance. The metallic substrate is not subjected to elevated temperature and the overall equipment complexity is relatively simple, making the technique a good candidate for surface functionalization. In PEO treatments, high voltages are employed (~ 150-750 V 1) allowing for the formation of an insulating, or at least semiconductive, oxide layer that’s limits ion transport responsible for the initial coating growth. Beyond the spark voltage (prerequisite the enter the PEO regime) oxidation does not occur only as the result of a continuous flow of ions but rather it takes place after the cooling of a plasma discharge.