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Pitfalls And Artefacts In Corrosion Experiments With Dense Phase CO2

Picture for Pitfalls And Artefacts In Corrosion Experiments With Dense Phase CO2
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Product Number: 51321-16667-SG
Author: Bjørn Helge Morland; Gaute Svenningsen
Publication Date: 2021
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There was a large variation of the reported corrosion rates for the condition when the water is fully
dissolved in the dense phase CO2. Some laboratories measured insignificant corrosion rates while
other laboratories reported corrosion rates as high as 3 mm/y.
To better understand the corrosion of carbon steel in a CO2 transport system, it is important to be able
to explain the large spread in reported corrosion rates. Is there naturally a large variation of corrosion
rates in this type of systems, or can it be explained by for example differences in the experimental
approach?
Several experiments were performed with dense phase CO2 and water at 25 °C and 40 °C and it was
clearly shown that certain experimental approaches could result in overestimation of corrosion rates. It
was shown that as long as water is fully dissolved in the CO2 phase, up to the saturation limit, the
corrosion rates in dense phase CO2 is very low, around 0.001 mm/y.

There was a large variation of the reported corrosion rates for the condition when the water is fully
dissolved in the dense phase CO2. Some laboratories measured insignificant corrosion rates while
other laboratories reported corrosion rates as high as 3 mm/y.
To better understand the corrosion of carbon steel in a CO2 transport system, it is important to be able
to explain the large spread in reported corrosion rates. Is there naturally a large variation of corrosion
rates in this type of systems, or can it be explained by for example differences in the experimental
approach?
Several experiments were performed with dense phase CO2 and water at 25 °C and 40 °C and it was
clearly shown that certain experimental approaches could result in overestimation of corrosion rates. It
was shown that as long as water is fully dissolved in the CO2 phase, up to the saturation limit, the
corrosion rates in dense phase CO2 is very low, around 0.001 mm/y.

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Results from novel transparent autoclave experiments. Carbon steel corrosion coupons were exposed to impurities levels within established specifications at simulated transport conditions (25 °C and 10 MPa of CO2).
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Factors Influencing Droplet Corrosion in Dense Phase CO2

Product Number: 51319-13017-SG
Author: Ralph Baessler
Publication Date: 2019
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Recent studies have shown that even at a very low concentration of impurities (less than 100 ppmv of SO2 NO2 O2 and H2O) the droplet formation and condensation of sulfuric and nitric acids in dense phase CO2 are possible and observable. To reveal the mechanism of droplet corrosion in dense CO2 at high pressure and low temperature further studies on factors that affect wettability and resulting corrosion behaviors of transport pipeline steels are needed.In this work carbon steels (X52 X70) martensitic steel UNSS41500 and superaustenite UNS08031 were examined not only in static but also dynamic CO2 stream with either oxidizing (SO2 NO2 O2) or reducing (H2S and H2) impurities. Exposure tests with and without CO2 saturated water droplets were performed at both low temperature (278 K) and high temperature (313 K) at high pressure where CO2 is supercritical or in dense phase. To reveal the effects of surface morphology carbon steel coupons with different surface roughness were prepared not only to measure the wettability by contact angle but also to expose to CO2 stream containing oxidizing/reducing impurities to observe the condensation and possible droplet corrosion that followed. Two-week exposed coupons showed no condensation at 313 K 10 MPa and 50 ppmv H2O indicating the important role of temperature on the possibility of condensation regardless the type of impurities and flow rate. At 278 K the result from exposure tests signified the role of oxidizing impurities on the condensation and the droplet corrosion that followed. Although different surface roughness resulted in different wetting behaviors and therefore the measured contact angles it did not significantly influence the corrosion process upon long time exposure. This is attributed to the change of wetting behavior due to corrosion products that covered the carbon steel surface during exposure test.
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