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Low Temperature Effect on Sulfide Stress Crack Initiation in Low Alloy Steels

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Exposure temperature has a known effect on sulfide stress cracking (SSC) where elevated temperatures permit the use of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) in sour conditions that would not be survivable at lower temperatures. In order to assess SSC susceptibility NACE MR0175 / ISO15156-2 and API 5CT advise or require the use of room temperature NACE exposure tests in H2S-containing brines and consequently the bulk of qualification data on OCTG has been obtained at these conditions. Previous publications have demonstrated the effect of lower temperatures e.g. 40°F testing on KISSC values of low alloy steel using double cantilever beam (DCB) tests showing a reduction on sour toughness when the temperature is lowered from 75°F to 40°F. This KISSC data provides a clear indication of SSC severity at 40°F on crack propagation; however very little data is available pertinent to crack initiation at temperatures lower than 75°F.In this work several crack initiation tests were performed in mild sour conditions and demonstrated that at low temperature crack initiation susceptibility is increased. Details of the results are discussed within the context of traditional SSC qualification tests and materials selection standards along with the theoretical understanding of SSC fundamentals. Cracking tendency and time-to-failure are reviewed within the context of environmental and material parameters that are altered by the exposure temperature including hydrogen diffusion corrosion rate dissolved H2S concentration and the behavior of hydrogen traps.

Product Number: 51319-12856-SG
Author: Brian Chambers
Publication Date: 2019
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Picture for Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of High Strength Low Alloy Steels with Varying Nickel Content
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Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of High Strength Low Alloy Steels with Varying Nickel Content

Product Number: 51319-12900-SG
Author: Karthik Krishnan
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Low alloy steels are one of the most commonly used material systems in oil and gas fields as they can be heat treated to appropriate strength levels including higher strengths such as 758 MPa (110 ksi) and 862 MPa (125 ksi) minimum yield strength while providing economical solutions for various oilfield conditions. Higher hardenability of low alloy steels is an important factor to ensure proper heat treatment to higher strength levels and this is typically achieved by addition of elements such as Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) Nickel (Ni) etc. in the alloy chemistry. It is also essential to ensure adequate toughness in these high strength steels to reduce risk of brittle fracture. Increasing Ni content in the chemistry of low alloy steel can provide increased hardenability while maintaining good toughness when heat treated to high strengths. However the guidelines of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 currently restrict the maximum Ni content to 1% mass fraction and in general recommend use of Cr-Mo type low alloy steels such as 41XX series in sour (H2S) service. This has generally led to exclusion of low alloy steels containing higher Ni such as 43XX series in sour service. In this paper an effort is made to evaluate the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of common grades of Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo steels heat treated to high strength using NACE TM0177 Method A testing. This would also assist when comparing the cracking resistance of high strength low alloy steels with greater than 1% mass fraction Ni content to those which are within this limit.Keywords: high strength low alloy steel Cr-Mo Ni-Cr-Mo sulfide stress cracking (SSC) 1% Nickel content
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51316-7355-UNS N09955 Corrosion Cracking Resistance

Product Number: 51316-7355-SG
ISBN: 7355 2016 CP
Author: Carlo Malara
Publication Date: 2016
$20.00

The UNS N09955 is a precipitation hardened Ni-alloy which exhibits a good combination of mechanical strength, ductility, toughness and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement
Picture for 11105 Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Local Hard Areas in Carbon Steel Weld Heat Affected
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11105 Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Local Hard Areas in Carbon Steel Weld Heat Affected

Product Number: 51300-11105-SG
ISBN: 11105 2011 CP
Author: Ben Crowder, James Buchanan, Sam Mishael, and Ron Shockley
Publication Date: 2011
$20.00
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