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Influence of Structural Features of Scale Inhibitors on the Control of Silica Scaling

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Feedwaters for industrial cooling water systems contain a variety of metal cations (such as calcium magnesium barium etc.) and anions (such as carbonate sulfate phosphate etc.) which overall constitute scaling ions. Their combination (depending on the particular water chemistry and solubility products) creates precipitates and deposits. These mineral salts cause enormous operational problems upon their deposition onto critical equipment surfaces (eg. membranes heat exchanger tubing tower fill etc.). Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphates are the most frequently encountered deposits. Other deposits although less common are equally troublesome. These include amorphous (colloidal) silica. Prevention of scale formation is greatly preferred by industrial water users to the more costly laborious (and potentially hazardous) chemical and mechanical cleaning (for example HF is required for the dissolution of silica deposits) of the adhered scale after a scaling event.This paper focuses on amorphous/colloidal silica fouling and its control by additive-driven inhibition. The use of several designed treatment additives will be described with emphasis on the structural elements of inhibitors used. These efforts address the question “what are the chemical moieties that contribute to silica inhibition and why”? Almost all silica inhibitors are polymers (either charged or uncharged). Certain silica scale inhibitors described can maintain up to ~ 400 ppm soluble silica in solution. Attention will also be paid to the designed chemical approaches that should be used to combat silica scale for example the use of inhibitor blends in search for potential synergistic effects. A detailed analysis will be given on the entire chemical treatment process starting from proper selection of the treatment program to proper application to effective monitoring and maintenance of system performance. Finally the general scope of silica chemistry fundamentals will be presented.

Product Number: 51319-12861-SG
Author: Kostas Demadis
Publication Date: 2019
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