AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Pipeline Predictive Analytics Through On-Line Remote Corrosion Monitoring

Product Number: 51319-12899-SG

Author: Ivan Stubelj

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Pipelines are vast and complex networks delivering fossil fuel from remote locations to gas processing facilities refineries petrochemical manufacturers and refined products all the way to end users. Pipeline operators rely on Pipeline Integrity Management (PIM) systems to conduct safe and reliable hydrocarbon transportation operations cope with local regulations maximize transportation capacity and identify integrity threats.Internal and external corrosion are leading causes of incidents in pipelines that can lead to spills explosions and increased downtime. ASME describe the threats above as time-dependent; however they are commonly assessed with methods such as in-line inspection direct assessment and hydrostatic pressure tests whose measurement interval can range from months to years providing isolated snapshots throughout the pipeline lifetime. Moreover executing these techniques requires extensive planning and execution pipelines ready to accommodate in-line inspection tools and in some instances stop hydrocarbon transportation activities.Coping with increased demand pushes operators to boost their pipeline’s utilization rate to serve their customers and communities safely and reliably. In consequence PIM systems will require more data to constantly monitor dynamic changes along the infrastructure (either high consequence areas or not) and leverage predictive analytics. Increasing remote corrosion monitoring locations along several pipeline segments provide continuous input to feed PIM systems with on-line data that is seamlessly integrated into the operator’s control systems and data historian minimizing human intervention.This paper will explore remote corrosion monitoring technologies and how increasing real-time insights to risk maintenance and performance can increase reliability and decrease downtime through predictive analytics.

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Pipings’ Kryptonite: Understanding Repair Options for Piping with Section Loss

Product Number: 41216-973-SG

Author: David A. Hunter

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

The sheer volume of piping systems, both insulated and non-insulated, is daunting. Companies, in order to deal with limited inspection resources, have resorted to risk-based strategies in order to prioritize inspection of such systems. By the time surfaces and systems are inspected, they often exhibit wall loss, or pitting corrosion on surfaces. Piping is only as strong as the wall thickness of the original design. When corrosion reduces wall thickness to a minimum required thickness for the given pressure, actions must be taken.

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Pitfalls And Artefacts In Corrosion Experiments With Dense Phase CO2

Product Number: 51321-16667-SG

Author: Bjørn Helge Morland; Gaute Svenningsen

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Pitfalls in the Typical RBI Methodology for CUI Management Programs

Product Number: 51324-20894-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana; Joel Chapman; Touqeer Sohail; Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari; Graham Brigham

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Modern-day risk-based inspection (RBI) platforms are designed to evaluate the safety and/or financial risk of assets using industry-recommended RBI methodologies (e.g., API 581). There are cases where the RBI methodology does not represent the true risk profile of the asset, despite implementing the best possible inspection programs and careful input of inspection data. One of the main pitfalls present is the inherent limitation in the risk calculation methodologies that makes no or little use of the inspection data. An example of such a situation is the CUI risk assessments that are subjected to uncertainties due to numerous scientific parameters that are partially addressed (or even unaddressed) in modern-day RBI approaches. This work addresses two case studies of external corrosion rates due to CUI for two pairs of test rigs made with small bore piping deployed with two different insulation designs, namely conventional design, and moisture egress design. The assemblies were tested using two different methods for CUI simulation and testing conditions. The first pair was tested per ASTM G189-07 under isothermal wet-dry conditions at 100 °C (212°F) for three days, while the second pair was submerged under water for two days followed by outdoor exposure for one year. The experimentally determined corrosion rates were compared to those calculated using API 581-compliant RBI software. The comparisons of resulting corrosion rates are complemented by an explanation of the deviations and pitfalls.

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Pitting And Crevice Corrosion Resistance Of A Direct Metal Laser Sintered (DMLS) 316L Stainless Steel In Artificial Seawater

Product Number: 51321-17006-SG

Author: Claudia Prieto; Marc Singer; David Young

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Pitting and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Additively Manufactured Nickel Alloy UNS N07718 in Chloride-containing Environments

Product Number: 51319-13359-SG

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

While the feasibility of additive manufacturing to create engineering components for the oil and gas industry has been demonstrated current research efforts focus on demonstrating the reliability of this manufacturing process for demanding service conditions. In this regard special attention has been paid to the chemical stability of additively manufactured materials in aggressive environments as one of the most critical properties in these applications. The beneficial combination of high strength excellent thermal stability and purpose-built corrosion resistance makes alloy 718 (UNS N07718) the most commonly used wrought and additively manufactured nickel alloy in the oil and gas industry. Wrought UNS N07718 has an outstanding record of field performance in demanding oil and gas applications including directional drilling tools that undergo extreme mechanical loads in corrosive drilling fluids. On the other hand limited data regarding the corrosion behavior of additively manufactured UNS N07718 in typical drilling environments has been collected so far. In this study the corrosion resistance susceptibility of selective laser melted UNS N07718 in simulated drilling environments has been investigated. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and slow strain rate tests were used to characterize the pitting and stress corrosion cracking resistance of the additively manufactured alloy UNS N07718 in high chloride-containing solutions at elevated temperatures.

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Pitting Behavior of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels in Thiosulfate-Containing Paper Machine Environment

Product Number: 51317--9163-SG

ISBN: 9163 2017 CP

Author: Liang He

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper examined the pitting corrosion resistance of new grades of lean duplex stainless steels (LDSSs) UNS S32304, UNS S32003 and UNS S82441 in both chloride-only solution and thiosulfate containing simulated white water environments.

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Pitting Corrosion Damage Characterization of Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams

Product Number: 51324-21108-SG

Author: Wesley Vitor Dantas de Carvalho Bezerra; Christopher Lewis Alexander

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

At early stages, reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride ions are prone to pitting corrosion. In carbon steel reinforcement, pitting is expected to quickly transition into widespread corrosion damage. However, for stainless steels, a higher resistance to lateral corrosion spread is present. As the accumulation of corrosion products in the steel-concrete interface (SCI) can lead to concrete cover cracking, studying the corrosion damage on stainless steel reinforced concrete is of importance. This work focuses on characterizing pitting corrosion damage data on laboratory exposed (non-electrically polarized) stainless steel (SS410) reinforced concrete beams with different damage degrees to concrete cover. For that, digital microscopy, and 3D profilometry were used to characterize corrosion damage, and chloride titrations were used to determine the chloride concentrations at the SCI. Possible pit repassivation mechanisms that includes corrosion products are discussed. This data can then be incorporated in the development of more accurate pitting corrosion and corrosion-induced concrete cover cracking models.

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Pitting Corrosion Detection by Ultrasound Monitoring

Product Number: 51324-20810-SG

Author: Magnus Wangensteen; Ali Fatemi; Tonni Franke Johansen; Erlend Magnus Viggen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Early diagnosis is essential for successful mitigation of pitting corrosion, a localized form of corrosion that causes cavities and structural failure in metallic materials. Although ultrasonic inspection techniques are effective in detecting uniform wall thinning, they have challenges in accurately identifying pitting corrosion. The present work proposes a technique for early-stage pitting detection utilizing time-lapse pulse-echo signals. The generation of two-dimensional time-lapse images of ultrasonic reflectivity may be achieved by capturing several ultrasonic traces over a period of time. These images can then serve as input for a neural network trained specifically for the purpose of pitting diagnostics. To obtain a substantial training dataset required for training the machine learning model, a drilling experiment was conducted, and random time-ordered combinations of the pulse-echo measurements produced the time-lapse images. A classification neural network was trained to detect the presence of pits, while a separate regression network was trained to estimate the pit depth. Test data from a previously unseen transducer indicates that the pit depth estimations exhibit a mean absolute error of less than 0.2 mm. All pits are reliably identified when they exceed the defined pitting threshold of 0.5 mm by a depth of 0.1 mm.

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Pitting Corrosion Of A Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy In Chloride And Thiosulfate Solutions: One-Dimensional Artificial Pit Electrode Studies

Product Number: 51321-16523-SG

Author: Abraham A. Becerra Araneda/ Mariano A. Kappes/ Martín A. Rodríguez/ Ricardo M. Carranza

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Pitting Corrosion Resistance Of UNS S32202 Welds: Bulk Microstructure Vs Surface Behaviour

Product Number: 51322-17913-SG

Author: Veronica SCHEIBER, Pauline HUGUENIN, Jérôme BRIDEL, Florent KRAJCARZ, Vincent VIGNAL

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are an attractive alternative to conventional austenitic 300 series. They are becoming more and more present in industrial applications requiring high mechanical properties combined with good corrosion resistance. UNS S32202 is a lean duplex grade designed to guarantee corrosion resistance superior to that of 304L in most environments and even equivalent to 316L in NaCl environment at room temperature. Its yield strength is twice as high as 304L and 316L allowing thickness and weight reduction in structural components. With low nickel content (2.5%) and no molybdenum addition, the impact of raw material price fluctuation is reduced. It makes UNS S32202 suitable for a high number of applications including public transportation, building & construction, watersystems, liquid storage and pulp&paper industry.

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Pitting Factor Criteria for Localized Corrosion Inhibition of Liquid Radioactive Waste Stored in Han

Product Number: 51319-13430-SG

Author: Pavan Shukla

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Liquid radioactive waste stored in carbon steel made double shell tanks (DSTs) at Hanford have a comprehensive chemistry control program to prevent stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and other types of localized corrosion. Since waste retrieval and additions are to be expected to manage the waste into vitrification it is desirable to specify borderline conditions to prevent any susceptibility to pitting corrosion. Currently the chemistry control program inhibits localized corrosion due to nitrate concentrations using sodium hydroxide to raise pH over 12. However future streams may increase the concentration of aggressive species (e.g. chloride fluoride sulfate) and may decrease the pH of waste to 10. Using cyclic polarization potentiodynamic (CPP) the chemistry control program was optimized by designing a pitting factor using statistical analysis. Additionally immersion tests were performed to measure open circuit potential (OCP) and weight change corrosion rates for partially and completely immersed coupons. Borderline conditions determined by the pitting factor will be studied to provide limits for the chemistry control program.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance