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51315-5498-Hydrogen Induced Cracking Safe Materials Operating Limits

Picture for Hydrogen Induced Cracking Safe Materials Operating Limits
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Product Number: 51315-5498-SG
ISBN: 5498 2015 CP
Author: Roberto Morana
Publication Date: 2015
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Prior to 2003 hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) was not covered by NACE MR0175 and it was left to the user to decide on how to address HIC concerns. For mildly sour environments (i.e. Region 0) many users did not specify requirements for HIC testing or the use of HIC resistant steels and thus plant operating in CO2-containing environments with potentially very low levels of H2S were commonly built using ‘non-sour’ steel grades. HIC was incorporated into the 2003 revision of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and consideration of HIC even when only traces of H2S were present became mandatory in 2003. Testing requirements were added for mildly sour conditions but the associated threat was not quantified. However very few instances of pipeline leakages due to HIC have been reported. Recent work carried out by the European Pipeline Research Group suggested that there could be a threshold H2S level below which HIC may not be a credible threat. However this study used modern linepipe steels and it is well known that ‘heritage’ materials are inherently more susceptible to HIC due to a lesser control of inclusions which can lead to HIC in rolled plate. Safe Materials Operating Limits (SMOLs) for heritage steels need to be defined to ensure reliable and safe operations. In the present work four heritage steels have been tested using ‘small-scale’ and ‘full-scale’ testing methodologies coupled with non-destructive monitoring and inspection. SMOLs for the four heritage materials have been established and detailed microstructural analysis carried out to clarify the role of inclusions in crack initiation and of banded microstructures in crack propagation.Key words: mildly sour conditions Hydrogen induced cracking safe material operating limits vintage steels
Prior to 2003 hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) was not covered by NACE MR0175 and it was left to the user to decide on how to address HIC concerns. For mildly sour environments (i.e. Region 0) many users did not specify requirements for HIC testing or the use of HIC resistant steels and thus plant operating in CO2-containing environments with potentially very low levels of H2S were commonly built using ‘non-sour’ steel grades. HIC was incorporated into the 2003 revision of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and consideration of HIC even when only traces of H2S were present became mandatory in 2003. Testing requirements were added for mildly sour conditions but the associated threat was not quantified. However very few instances of pipeline leakages due to HIC have been reported. Recent work carried out by the European Pipeline Research Group suggested that there could be a threshold H2S level below which HIC may not be a credible threat. However this study used modern linepipe steels and it is well known that ‘heritage’ materials are inherently more susceptible to HIC due to a lesser control of inclusions which can lead to HIC in rolled plate. Safe Materials Operating Limits (SMOLs) for heritage steels need to be defined to ensure reliable and safe operations. In the present work four heritage steels have been tested using ‘small-scale’ and ‘full-scale’ testing methodologies coupled with non-destructive monitoring and inspection. SMOLs for the four heritage materials have been established and detailed microstructural analysis carried out to clarify the role of inclusions in crack initiation and of banded microstructures in crack propagation.Key words: mildly sour conditions Hydrogen induced cracking safe material operating limits vintage steels
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