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51316-7792-H2S Solubility in Dense Phase CO2 at Elevated Pressure: Impact on Materials Selection

Picture for H2S Solubility in Dense Phase CO2 at Elevated Pressure: Impact on Materials Selection
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Product Number: 51316-7792-SG
ISBN: 7792 2016 CP
Author: Avidipto Biswas
Publication Date: 2016
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CO2 injected enhanced oil recovery (EOR) accounts for the largest share of EOR among all available EOR processes. The working principle in this process is to inject CO2 at high pressure in to the well which in turn forms a liquid phase or a supercritical phase depending on the temperature. This dense phase CO2 mixes with the otherwise immobile oil to reduce its density and viscosity causing it to detach form the formation rock. From a material selection perspective dense phase CO2 is not known to be detrimental in terms of its potential to cause environmentally assisted cracking even under sour environments if an aqueous phase is absent. However driver water is still used in conjunction with most CO2 EOR processes. Moreover in recent times there have been a number of cases of materials failure associated to CO2 EOR process. Unfortunately the present state of industrial knowledge is inadequate regarding the effects of dense phase CO2 on materials performance in presence of H2S and relatively small amounts of water and there is need for additional data and thermodynamic / phase behavior analysis to characterize dense phase CO2 interactions from a metallurgical compatibility perspective .This paper adopts a systematic approach to understand the phase partitioning behavior of H2S in dense phase CO2 in the presence of aqueous phase. Solution thermodynamic-ionic modeling was carried out for such systems to characterize interaction of H2S in conjunction with liquid CO2 and H2O. Interactions between liquid CO2 and H2O were also investigated. The modeling results suggested that as much as 90% of the H2S can partition into the liquid phase CO2 implying a relatively benign sour aqueous phase. However the modeling results also appointed to considerable activity of H2O in liquid CO2 under specific conditions of pressure and temperature. Such a condition would lead to a severely corrosive environment that may lead to substantial corrosion. Experiments were carried out under selective environments to verify the modeling results. The relative concentration of H2S in the different phases was determined by Raman spectrometry. Additional slow strain rate experiments were also carried out to evaluate the relative cracking susceptibility of super 13Cr stainless steel in dense phase CO2 environments.
CO2 injected enhanced oil recovery (EOR) accounts for the largest share of EOR among all available EOR processes. The working principle in this process is to inject CO2 at high pressure in to the well which in turn forms a liquid phase or a supercritical phase depending on the temperature. This dense phase CO2 mixes with the otherwise immobile oil to reduce its density and viscosity causing it to detach form the formation rock. From a material selection perspective dense phase CO2 is not known to be detrimental in terms of its potential to cause environmentally assisted cracking even under sour environments if an aqueous phase is absent. However driver water is still used in conjunction with most CO2 EOR processes. Moreover in recent times there have been a number of cases of materials failure associated to CO2 EOR process. Unfortunately the present state of industrial knowledge is inadequate regarding the effects of dense phase CO2 on materials performance in presence of H2S and relatively small amounts of water and there is need for additional data and thermodynamic / phase behavior analysis to characterize dense phase CO2 interactions from a metallurgical compatibility perspective .This paper adopts a systematic approach to understand the phase partitioning behavior of H2S in dense phase CO2 in the presence of aqueous phase. Solution thermodynamic-ionic modeling was carried out for such systems to characterize interaction of H2S in conjunction with liquid CO2 and H2O. Interactions between liquid CO2 and H2O were also investigated. The modeling results suggested that as much as 90% of the H2S can partition into the liquid phase CO2 implying a relatively benign sour aqueous phase. However the modeling results also appointed to considerable activity of H2O in liquid CO2 under specific conditions of pressure and temperature. Such a condition would lead to a severely corrosive environment that may lead to substantial corrosion. Experiments were carried out under selective environments to verify the modeling results. The relative concentration of H2S in the different phases was determined by Raman spectrometry. Additional slow strain rate experiments were also carried out to evaluate the relative cracking susceptibility of super 13Cr stainless steel in dense phase CO2 environments.
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