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Environmentally-Assisted Cracking (SSC And SCC) Of Martensitic Stainless Steel OCTG Material In Sour Environment In 5%Nacl And 20%Nacl Solution

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Martensitic stainless steels for OCTG materials are widely used in sweet and mild sour conditions. Environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) is a major corrosion-related issue when using stainless steels as OCTG materials. The EAC in specific oil/gas well conditions with sour environments is defined as sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The SSC is a type of cracking caused by hydrogen embrittlement, which is attributed to a cathodic reaction under acidic conditions, while SCC is associated with an anodic reaction. SSC testing for martensitic stainless steels for OCTG material is often carried out at or near ambient temperature under conditions simulating condensed water, and SCC tests are conducted at higher temperatures under conditions simulating formation water and/or the brine availability test.

Product Number: 51322-17563-SG
Author: Yuichi Kamo, Yusuke Mizuno, Yasuhide Ishiguro
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings
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This paper mainly deals with the environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) behavior of martensite-based stainless steel OCTG materials of (1) Modified-13CR-110 grade (13Cr-5Ni-2Mo), (2) 15CR-125 grade (15Cr-6Ni-3Mo-Cu: UNS S42625) and (3) 17CR-110 grade (17Cr-4.5Ni-3Mo-Cu-W: UNS S42825) in 5 mass% and 20 mass% NaCl solutions with 0.01 MPa H2S - 5 MPa CO2 at temperatures from 24 °C to 200 °C (75 °F to 392 °F) and pH from 3.0 to 4.0 by Four Point Bent Beam (FPBB) tests. Also, the corrosion rate was evaluated by the weight loss method. The experimental results demonstrated that the tested martensite-based stainless steels did not show a cracking-susceptible temperature region at around 80 °C to 100 °C (175 °F to 210 °F), unlike duplex stainless steels. In addition, the results revealed that the applicable conditions of the martensite-based stainless steels are limited by EAC in the lower temperature region and by the corrosion rate at higher temperatures. In order to judge whether EAC is based on a SCC-typical anodic reaction or SSC-typical a hydrogen-embrittlement caused by cathodic reaction, the fracture surfaces of the post-testing specimens were investigated by using Modified-13CR-110 under sour conditions of 20 mass% NaCl solution at 24 °C and 50 °C (75 °F and 122 °F). The fracture surface is brittle with intergranular cracking and quasi-cleavage. It indicates the crack is caused by SSC (hydrogen embrittlement), because quasi-cleavage can be observed only in SSC but not in SCC. At least, at tested corrosion environment, it can be concluded that the domain map in EAC for martensite-based stainless steel is limited by both SSC at low temperature and corrosion rate at high temperature.

This paper mainly deals with the environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) behavior of martensite-based stainless steel OCTG materials of (1) Modified-13CR-110 grade (13Cr-5Ni-2Mo), (2) 15CR-125 grade (15Cr-6Ni-3Mo-Cu: UNS S42625) and (3) 17CR-110 grade (17Cr-4.5Ni-3Mo-Cu-W: UNS S42825) in 5 mass% and 20 mass% NaCl solutions with 0.01 MPa H2S - 5 MPa CO2 at temperatures from 24 °C to 200 °C (75 °F to 392 °F) and pH from 3.0 to 4.0 by Four Point Bent Beam (FPBB) tests. Also, the corrosion rate was evaluated by the weight loss method. The experimental results demonstrated that the tested martensite-based stainless steels did not show a cracking-susceptible temperature region at around 80 °C to 100 °C (175 °F to 210 °F), unlike duplex stainless steels. In addition, the results revealed that the applicable conditions of the martensite-based stainless steels are limited by EAC in the lower temperature region and by the corrosion rate at higher temperatures. In order to judge whether EAC is based on a SCC-typical anodic reaction or SSC-typical a hydrogen-embrittlement caused by cathodic reaction, the fracture surfaces of the post-testing specimens were investigated by using Modified-13CR-110 under sour conditions of 20 mass% NaCl solution at 24 °C and 50 °C (75 °F and 122 °F). The fracture surface is brittle with intergranular cracking and quasi-cleavage. It indicates the crack is caused by SSC (hydrogen embrittlement), because quasi-cleavage can be observed only in SSC but not in SCC. At least, at tested corrosion environment, it can be concluded that the domain map in EAC for martensite-based stainless steel is limited by both SSC at low temperature and corrosion rate at high temperature.

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Rethinking Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS-13Cr) Bar Stock With 95 Ksi MY

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13Cr-5Ni-2Mo type Super Martensitic stainless steels referred to as SMSS-13Cr type grades can provide good general corrosion resistance such as in high CO2 environments combined with higher strengths and excellent toughness2 making them a prospective material choice for long term downhole completion equipment depending on actual well conditions. One of the main limiting factors for the use of SMSS-13Cr type grades is the Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance in presence of H2S in downhole well conditions. Therefore, a good understanding of this behavior is essential to facilitate the material selection process. 
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Reduction Of Conservatism In SSC Testing For Sour Gas Well Tubulars

Product Number: 51322-17776-SG
Author: Marc Wilms, Johan Smit, Willem Maarten van Haaften, Sytze Huizinga, Wouter Koot, Daniela Garcia, Harold Evin, Michel Bonis, Hervé Marchebois, Edmund J.F. Dickinson, Gareth Hinds
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Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) well tubulars are favorable due to their high strength and relatively low cost and are therefore widely applied in the Oil & Gas industry. This is especially the case for 13Cr and Super13Cr grades, which are often selected for mildly sour gas fields, where a relatively low content of H2S is present. When selecting martensitic stainless steels for sour service, the susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), determined by standard laboratory tests, are the most important selection criteria.
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