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Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 2.

Determination of Oxygen Limits for Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) in Oil & Gas Produced Water Based on Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 2
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Crevice corrosion is a geometrical-dependent type of localized attack that occurs in occluded regions where a stagnant and corrosive electrolyte is in contact with the surface of a passive metal1,2. Crevices are present in all industrial designs and can lead to major failure since their detection is often challenging3,4. Main strategies for the prevention and mitigation of crevice corrosion include design awareness and adequate materials selection5.  

Product Number: 51322-17947-SG
Author: Marion Duparc, Roy Johnsen, Jan Ivar Skar, Tov Eivind Saxegaard
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Materials Selection and Design , Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings
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Small amount of oxygen in production or injection systems can be responsible for the initiation of crevice corrosion of stainless steel. The current limit of 10 ppb dissolved oxygen (DO) recommended for the use of Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) in produced water system, has been challenged by several authors. The aim of this study is to report the use of electrochemical methods for the study of oxygen limits for stainless steels UNS(1) S31603 (Type 316L) and UNS S31803 (Type 22Cr Duplex) in produced water environments. Crevice corrosion potential (Ecrev) and repassivation potential (Erep) were obtained from cyclic polarization experiments performed in part 1 of this study. These two potentials were used as acceptance criteria during open circuit potential (OCP) measurements to determine the oxygen limits of Type 316L and Type 22Cr Duplex at given test conditions. The effect of the duration of exposure to oxygen as well as the effect of increase of oxygen content were discussed. Results obtained for Type 316L indicate that the current oxygen limit of 10 ppb is relevant for long-term and permanent exposure. A precise determination of oxygen limits for Type 22Cr Duplex could not be performed due to uncertainties related to the variations of Ecrev and Erep at low oxygen concentrations. A re-assessment of oxygen limits based on the data obtained in this study is planned based on revised acceptance criteria. 

Small amount of oxygen in production or injection systems can be responsible for the initiation of crevice corrosion of stainless steel. The current limit of 10 ppb dissolved oxygen (DO) recommended for the use of Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) in produced water system, has been challenged by several authors. The aim of this study is to report the use of electrochemical methods for the study of oxygen limits for stainless steels UNS(1) S31603 (Type 316L) and UNS S31803 (Type 22Cr Duplex) in produced water environments. Crevice corrosion potential (Ecrev) and repassivation potential (Erep) were obtained from cyclic polarization experiments performed in part 1 of this study. These two potentials were used as acceptance criteria during open circuit potential (OCP) measurements to determine the oxygen limits of Type 316L and Type 22Cr Duplex at given test conditions. The effect of the duration of exposure to oxygen as well as the effect of increase of oxygen content were discussed. Results obtained for Type 316L indicate that the current oxygen limit of 10 ppb is relevant for long-term and permanent exposure. A precise determination of oxygen limits for Type 22Cr Duplex could not be performed due to uncertainties related to the variations of Ecrev and Erep at low oxygen concentrations. A re-assessment of oxygen limits based on the data obtained in this study is planned based on revised acceptance criteria. 

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Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 1
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Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 1

Product Number: 51322-17939-SG
Author: Roy Johnsen, Marie E. Edvardsen, Martin O. Hestvik, Cristian Torres, Jan Ivar Skar, Marion Duparc, Sven Morten Hesjevik
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) have been widely used in oil & gas process systems since the 1980s due to their excellent resistance towards uniform corrosion in aggressive environments such as seawater and produced water containing CO2, organic acids and/or production chemicals. However, cases of localized corrosion in the form of pitting and crevice corrosion have regularly been observed.  As an example, ISO(2) 21457 limits the max. operating temperature to 200C for 25 Cr super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750/760) and 6-Mo austenittic stainless steels (UNS S31254) in chlorinated seawater systems, to avoid crevice corrosion.1 
Picture for Evaluation of the Effect of Oxygen on CRA Materials
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51318-10799-Evaluation of the Effect of Oxygen on CRA Materials

Product Number: 51318-10799-SG
Author: Arwa Al Wahaibi / Talal Al Nabhani / Pedro Rincon Flores / Nassar Al Behalni
Publication Date: 2018
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This paper will present the testing results and the effect of oxygen on Austenitic Stainless Steel Grade 316L, Duplex Stainless Steel (22% Cr DSS) and Super Duplex Stainless Steel (25% Cr SDSS).
Picture for 04139 Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel, Low
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04139 Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel, Low Alloy Steel and CRA's in Partially Deaerated Sea Water and Commingled Produced Water

Product Number: 51300-04139-SG
ISBN: 04139 2004 CP
Author: Michael John Schofield / K.C. Waterton / Tim Evans
Publication Date: 2004
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A test programme was conducted to study corrosion behaviour of - 1. carbon and low alloy steels, 2. austenitic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels and 3. nickel-based Alloy 718 - in low oxygen content (20 & 200 ppb) seawater.

 

 
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