AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Systematic Approach toward Damage Mechanism Reviews and Mechanical Integrity Improvements for Ammonia Synthesis and Fertilizer Facilities

Product Number: 51323-19349-SG

Author: Michael Nugent, Daniel J. Benac, Sean Berg

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The use of Damage Mechanisms (DM’s) has been successfully developed and applied in the Oil Refining
industry for over 20 years. A damage mechanism is a specific combination of mechanical, chemical,
physical, or other processes that result in equipment degradation (piping or equipment) during operation
(active or shut down). These have been defined for Oil Refining (API RP 5711). API RP 571 is
supplemented with some similar and some specific individual damage mechanism, by technical reports, recommended practices, publications, and bulletins from API, as well as from the National Association of
Corrosion Engineers (NACE - now known as the Association for Materials Protection and Performance
or AMPP), and the Welding Research Council (WRC).

Available for download

Systematic Investigation Of The Role Of Stress-Induced Pits And Grooves In SSC Four-Point Bend Testing Of Line Pipe Steel

Product Number: 51321-16571-SG

Author: Thomas Haase / Christoph Kalwa/ Christoph Bosch

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Available for download

Systematic Risk Evaluation of Calcium Sulfate Formation in Production System

Product Number: 51323-19511-SG

Author: Tao Chen, Qiwei Wang, Faisal Alrasheed, Norah Aljeaban

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Scale formation is one of the flow assurance problems encountered in the oil and gas industry. It can deposit from reservoir, downhole tubing to topside facilities. Once formed, it could have a significant impact on production, including tubing and valve blockage, interference of well intervention, and even well abundance.

Calcium sulfate is one of the common scales formed in the oilfields.

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Tafel-Piontelli model for the prediction of the corrosion rate of active metals in weakly acidic environments. Application to sweet corrosion in the Oil and Gas industry

Product Number: 51323-19254-SG

Author: Elena Messinese, Marco Ormellese, Andrea Brenna

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion-related losses represent approximately 30% of the hydrocarbons extraction and treatment industry's failures, with a total annual cost of US$ 1.372 billion. The oil&gas industry has widely recognized the importance of implementing effective prediction and management systems to reduce costs and guarantee compliance with safety, health, and environmental regulations. In this context, it is safe to narrow the oilfield corrosion problem mainly towards the two most severe degradation cases observed during operation: the sweet CO₂-related and H₂S-related corrosion.

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Tailoring Chemicals for Continuous Injection Downhole via Capillary Line and “Sensitive” Jewelry

Product Number: 51317--9108-SG

ISBN: 9108 2017 CP

Author: Marko Stipanicev

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Downhole injection of corrosion inhibitors in more mature fields is required to manage scale formation and corrosion within the wellbore completion components. Discussed herein are the physical properties of chemicals injected via capillaries should possess.

Available for download

Tailoring Scale Prediction Models to a Specific Application: Reverse Osmosis

Product Number: 51319-13238-SG

Author: Robert Ferguson

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Mineral scale formation is a problem across many industries and in diverse applications and equipment. Each application may have specific characteristics that must be taken into account if a modelling system is to be reasonably accurate. The modelling of cooling water and oil field production chemistry have been studied extensively since the 1970’s and state-of-the-art physical chemistry models devloped to simulate them with acceptable accuracy even under extreme conditions.Open recirculating cooling water predictive models for example must incorporate algorithms to concentrate the water treating the process as an “open” system and address cooling stem specific situations including pH control methods and even the impact of chlorination. pH prediction of the concentrated recirculating water is a key requirement.Oil and gas production chemistry modelling presents another set of unique challenges including the distribution of gasses such carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide between phases as a brine transitions from bottom hole conditions to the well head and then flashes at the separator. Such a system must incorporate algorithms to treat the process as a “closed” system and partition the critical gasses between phases with pressure and temperature changes and account for the impact of the sometimes dramatic environmental parameter changes upon pH solubility and physical constants.Membrane systems did not begin to receive the same rigorous treatment as oil and gas production cooling water and applications such as geothermal power production until the 1990’s. Much of the software in use by the industry relies upon simple index calculations on the level of the Langelier Saturation Index and saturation indices based upon total analytical values. The mainstream reverse osmosis application specific software generally used is not up to the rigors of high ionic strength high recovery and water reuse membrane systems. They are definitely not capable of adequately modelling cascade systems. The simple indices used for predicting scale formation and as driving forces for dosage optimization do not simulate high ionic strength activity coefficients and near as well as far effects. The simple models fail to account for speciation and the ion association of even such standard (yet critical) pairs such as CaSO4o aqueous.Scale inhibitor models in these simple models also do not account for inhibitor dissociation and the active form of the molecules. They also tend to lack the sophistication of models used in other applications which necessitate an induction time extension approach. Without adequate speciation models inhibitor solubility can not be adequately taken into account or insoluble forms controlled predictably.They also ignore in many cases application specific challenges such as membrane specific ion rejection pH prediction and control in vented (open) or tight (closed) systems and concentration polarization at the membrane water interfaceThis paper discusses the practical application of advanced physical chemistry techniques commonly employed in cooling water and oil field chemistry to application specific modelling of mineral scale formation and control in membrane systems.The techniques are discussed and applied to:· Predicting scale formation;· Identifying the upper driving force limit for inhibitors and blends;· Developing inhibitor models for minimum effective dosage; and· Developing models for preventing failure due to inhibitor solubility.The methods discussed have been validated in field applications.

Available for download

Tank U: Details to Consider When Specifying Exterior Coatings for Carbon Steel Tanks

Product Number: 51218-148-SG

Author: Eric Zimmerman, Bill Seavy

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

The authors look into the various factors that need to be taken into consideration when specifying coating systems for tank coatings and linings for existing carbon steel storage tanks.

Available for download

Tank Waste And Ground Water Effects On The Corrosion Susceptibility Of The Secondary Liner Of Hanford Double-Shell Tanks

Product Number: 51322-17550-SG

Author: Sheewa Xihuahe Feng, Jason S. Page

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The nuclear waste at the Hanford Site is currently stored in 131 single-shell tanks and 27 double-shell tanks (DSTs). When the primary liner in Tank 241-AY-102 (AY-102) failed, the secondary liner became the principal barrier of the tank, and leaked waste interacted with the refractory foundation beneath the primary liner. The high caustic concentration of the tank waste could have reacted with the tank refractory, lowering the pH and leading to increased corrosion rates of the annulus tank steel. The extent of change would depend on the waste volume to surface area ratio and other factors.

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TCEO Coating Hot Topics and Regulatory Resources

Product Number: 41213-792-SG

Author: Glenda Swierc

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

This session will consist of an overview of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Small Business and Local Government Assistance program which provides numerous tools and resources to help the regulated surface coating community comply with environmental regulations. It will also include information on the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, and updates to coating checklists and regulatory requirements.

Available for download

TECHNICAL JUSTIFICATION OF TABLE A.23 IN NACE MR0175/ISO15156-3: THE USE OF MARTENSITIC STAINLESS ST

Product Number: 51312-01561-SG

ISBN: 01561 2012 CP

Author: Brian D. Chambers

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Available for download

Technical Paper: Petroleum-Based Corrosion Inhibitor

Product Number: 41206-268-SG

Author: James R. Mott

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

The effects of corrosion are wide-spread and widely known. From construction to transportation and everything in between corrosion is a result of environmental effects on the metals we use to build. Corrosion may be controlled, however, through the use of inhibitors as an on-going treatment in order to effectively stall the act of corrosion.

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Technical Review on the Existence of Type B (Alumina) Inclusion at Hot Steel Making Process

Product Number: MPWT19-15601

Author: Yasser S. Al-Subhia, Mishal M. Al-Ashrahb*

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

It is well known in the hot rolled steel making business that nonmetallic inclusions play critical
role in defining steel performance. The objective of this paper is to study laminations that were
detected via Phased Array UT system in X60MS Class-C High Frequency Welded Pipe intended for
offshore application. The linear intermittent laminations appear along the pipe and adjacent to
the weld seam from both sides at a width of 30 to 40 mm with various depths. Technical review
was carried out on 5 available pipes, pertaining to the same heat of the original pipe identified
earlier with lamination, through model experiments; both on the laboratory and on the industrial
scale. At the beginning, depth and distribution of detected laminations were analyzed by manual
UT mapping using normal beam probe. Metallurgical analysis via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)
was carried out on three samples to determine the chemical composition as well as the
morphology of the lamination. The type of inclusion which turned out to be type B (Alumina-
Al2O3) inclusion was identified by evaluating EDX results using Method A per ASTM E45. As it is
a pure material based incident, failure analysis was carried out by the steel maker to identify the
associated root causes from process control prospective and the appropriate preventive
measures to avoid reoccurrence. Eventually, the applied quality control measures during
manufacturing process of HFW pipes, represented in the deployment of UT systems, were
reviewed to identify the reason behind missing such important defect before pipes are being
shipped to the client.

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Individual Conference Papers

Systematic Approach toward Damage Mechanism Reviews and Mechanical Integrity Improvements for Ammonia Synthesis and Fertilizer Facilities

Systematic Investigation Of The Role Of Stress-Induced Pits And Grooves In SSC Four-Point Bend Testing Of Line Pipe Steel

Systematic Risk Evaluation of Calcium Sulfate Formation in Production System

Tafel-Piontelli model for the prediction of the corrosion rate of active metals in weakly acidic environments. Application to sweet corrosion in the Oil and Gas industry

Tailoring Chemicals for Continuous Injection Downhole via Capillary Line and “Sensitive” Jewelry

Tailoring Scale Prediction Models to a Specific Application: Reverse Osmosis

Tank U: Details to Consider When Specifying Exterior Coatings for Carbon Steel Tanks

Tank Waste And Ground Water Effects On The Corrosion Susceptibility Of The Secondary Liner Of Hanford Double-Shell Tanks

TCEO Coating Hot Topics and Regulatory Resources

TECHNICAL JUSTIFICATION OF TABLE A.23 IN NACE MR0175/ISO15156-3: THE USE OF MARTENSITIC STAINLESS ST

Technical Paper: Petroleum-Based Corrosion Inhibitor

Technical Review on the Existence of Type B (Alumina) Inclusion at Hot Steel Making Process

Association for Materials Protection and Performance