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98709 CORROSION FAILURES OF COPPER/COPPER ALLOY PIPING IN BUILDING PIPING SYSTEMS

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Product Number: 51300-98709-SG
ISBN: 98709 1998 CP
Author: Richard A. Hoffmann
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The focus of this paper is on copper and copper alloys. Next to steel, copper pipe and tubing are the most widely used materials in building water systems. Its usage in these applications is based on its excellent corrosion resistance, high conductivity and excellent formability. This paper presents three separate case histories that deal with copper/copper alloy piping failures in buildings. Two represent failures in which the pipe or tube product was the primary containment boundary, and the third occurred in copper tubes which were part of an evaporator section in a freon chiller. In every case, an unexpected external influence caused the failure. The first case is a copper tube failure from a high-rise hotel in which the tubes acted as expansion loops in the hot water portion of HVAC equipment at the individual guest room. The piping was 2 1/2-inch (6.35 cm) copper tubing which split axially and leaked. These failures took place before the facility was in service. The second case involves externally finned and internally enhanced copper tubes used in the evaporator section of a chiller; the tubes failed through extensive corrosion after a winter lay-up following the first season of chiller operation. In the tfiird case, a brass pipe failed through stress corrosion cracking. This pipe was in hot water service, which was an inappropriate usage of this pipe product. The pipe experienced external damage from pipe hangers attached to support other pipes running beneath this hot water pipe. Keywords: copper, copper alloys, stress corrosion cracking, failures, corrosion, copper tubes
The focus of this paper is on copper and copper alloys. Next to steel, copper pipe and tubing are the most widely used materials in building water systems. Its usage in these applications is based on its excellent corrosion resistance, high conductivity and excellent formability. This paper presents three separate case histories that deal with copper/copper alloy piping failures in buildings. Two represent failures in which the pipe or tube product was the primary containment boundary, and the third occurred in copper tubes which were part of an evaporator section in a freon chiller. In every case, an unexpected external influence caused the failure. The first case is a copper tube failure from a high-rise hotel in which the tubes acted as expansion loops in the hot water portion of HVAC equipment at the individual guest room. The piping was 2 1/2-inch (6.35 cm) copper tubing which split axially and leaked. These failures took place before the facility was in service. The second case involves externally finned and internally enhanced copper tubes used in the evaporator section of a chiller; the tubes failed through extensive corrosion after a winter lay-up following the first season of chiller operation. In the tfiird case, a brass pipe failed through stress corrosion cracking. This pipe was in hot water service, which was an inappropriate usage of this pipe product. The pipe experienced external damage from pipe hangers attached to support other pipes running beneath this hot water pipe. Keywords: copper, copper alloys, stress corrosion cracking, failures, corrosion, copper tubes
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