Uncatalyzed titanium is shown to be usable under some cathodic protection (CP) applications. At high current densities, such as those employed in NACE Standard Test Method TM0294-94, passivation of uncatalyzed titanium occurs as expected. However, the nonlinear nature of the current density versus time relationship can lead to significant lifetimes when the uncatalyzed titanium anode isoperated at current densities approaching typical CP applications. Predicted lifetimes at cument densities typically used in impressed current CP applications are sensitive to the history of the titanium anode (mechanical, chemical or thermal treatment), the test
electroyte, and the mathematical function used to extrapolate the data to CP operational current densities. Comparison of predicted lifetimes, obtained from the mathematical functions derived from laboratory experiments, with data obtained from samples tested in concrete panels onder a number of current densities and atmospheric conditions, are encouraging.
Keywords: Cathodic protection, titanium anode, concrete, reinforcing steel, modeling, passivatian, electrolyte, anode history.