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96249 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF PIPELINES - ITS CONTROL OR PREVENTION.

Picture for 96249 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF PIPELINES
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Product Number: 51300-96249-SG
ISBN: 96249 1996 CP
Author: R.N. Parkins
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Stress corrosion cracking of line pipe from the soil side involves slow crack growth at stresses which may be as low as half the yield strength of the steel. The majority of failures experienced in various parts of the world are characterised by being associated with intergranular stress corrosion crocks, resulting from the presence of carbonatebicarbonate solutions with pH’s of about 9.5. More recently transgranular cracks, due to the presence of carbon dioxiclecontaining solutions having pH’s in the vicinity of 6.5, have been observed. The emphasis in this paper is on approaches to prevention and control, making use of the controlling parameters ident ifitxl by research into the problem. For existing lines, control of the problem may be through manipulation of the stressing conditions and, in principle, control of the cathodic protection, with temperature control offering an alternative approach for cracking by the higher pH environment but not that of low pH. For new lines, the additional factors of steel composition, surface condition and coating system and quality r-my be added to the above for control of the problem. Keywords: stress corrosion cracking, inter.granular, tmnsgranular, environments, temperature, cathodic protection, coatings, hydrostatic retesting, maximum and fluctuating pressures, steel resistance.
Stress corrosion cracking of line pipe from the soil side involves slow crack growth at stresses which may be as low as half the yield strength of the steel. The majority of failures experienced in various parts of the world are characterised by being associated with intergranular stress corrosion crocks, resulting from the presence of carbonatebicarbonate solutions with pH’s of about 9.5. More recently transgranular cracks, due to the presence of carbon dioxiclecontaining solutions having pH’s in the vicinity of 6.5, have been observed. The emphasis in this paper is on approaches to prevention and control, making use of the controlling parameters ident ifitxl by research into the problem. For existing lines, control of the problem may be through manipulation of the stressing conditions and, in principle, control of the cathodic protection, with temperature control offering an alternative approach for cracking by the higher pH environment but not that of low pH. For new lines, the additional factors of steel composition, surface condition and coating system and quality r-my be added to the above for control of the problem. Keywords: stress corrosion cracking, inter.granular, tmnsgranular, environments, temperature, cathodic protection, coatings, hydrostatic retesting, maximum and fluctuating pressures, steel resistance.
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