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11287 Roles of Chlorides in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Duplex Stainless Steels in Alkaline Sulfide Solution

Picture for 11287 Roles of Chlorides in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Duplex Stainless Steels
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Product Number: 51300-11287-SG
ISBN: 2011 11287 CP
Author: Kevin R. Chasse, Sam Raji, and Preet M Singh
Publication Date: 2011
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The current work evaluated the role of chlorides in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of standard grade UNS 32205 (2205) and lean grade UNS 32101 (2101) duplex stainless steels (DSSs) in a hot alkaline sulfide solution of 150 g/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 50 g/L sodium sulfide (Na2S). Constant extension rate testing (CERT) was conducted in an autoclave at 1700C at an initial strain rate of 2 X 10-6. Test solutions contained 0, 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl). The fracture morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The fracture surfaces were mounted and observed under an optical microscope and the crack size and distribution was evaluated for the transverse (T) and normal (N) directions. A significant change in fracture morphology is observed when chlorides are added to alkaline sulfide solution. Chlorides enhance selective dissolution of the austenite phase in intermediate concentrations (0.5–10 g/L). A higher concentration of sulfide and nickel were present in the passive film for these concentrations. An increase in ductility is observed for higher concentrations (10–100 g/L) of chloride in 2205 DSS owing to higher dissolution rates of both the austenite and ferrite phases. More severe SCC is observed in 2101 DSS at higher concentrations (10-100 g/L) of chloride.

Keywords: 2101, 2205, CERT, duplex stainless steel, chloride, sulfide, selective dissolution
The current work evaluated the role of chlorides in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of standard grade UNS 32205 (2205) and lean grade UNS 32101 (2101) duplex stainless steels (DSSs) in a hot alkaline sulfide solution of 150 g/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 50 g/L sodium sulfide (Na2S). Constant extension rate testing (CERT) was conducted in an autoclave at 1700C at an initial strain rate of 2 X 10-6. Test solutions contained 0, 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl). The fracture morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The fracture surfaces were mounted and observed under an optical microscope and the crack size and distribution was evaluated for the transverse (T) and normal (N) directions. A significant change in fracture morphology is observed when chlorides are added to alkaline sulfide solution. Chlorides enhance selective dissolution of the austenite phase in intermediate concentrations (0.5–10 g/L). A higher concentration of sulfide and nickel were present in the passive film for these concentrations. An increase in ductility is observed for higher concentrations (10–100 g/L) of chloride in 2205 DSS owing to higher dissolution rates of both the austenite and ferrite phases. More severe SCC is observed in 2101 DSS at higher concentrations (10-100 g/L) of chloride.

Keywords: 2101, 2205, CERT, duplex stainless steel, chloride, sulfide, selective dissolution
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