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09532 Effects of Steel Microstructure and Ethanol-Gasoline Blend Ratio on SCC of Ethanol Pipelines

Picture for 09532 Effects of Steel Microstructure and Ethanol-Gasoline Blend Ratio on SCC of Ethanol Pipelines
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Product Number: 51300-09532-SG
ISBN: 09532 2009 CP
Author: Chad Zamarin, Narasi Sridhar, John Beavers
Publication Date: 2009
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There is significant interest within the pipeline industry in transporting fuel-grade ethanol (FGE) as a result of the increased usage of ethanol as an oxygenating agent for gasoline and interest in ethanol as an alternative fuel. Currently, FGE is transported primarily by railroad tanker cars, tanker trucks, and barges. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been observed in carbon steels in contact with FGE in user terminals, storage tanks, and loading/unloading racks. This paper summarizes the results of recent research, funded by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), in which the effects of ethanol-gasoline blend ratio and steel metallurgy on SCC behavior were evaluated. Results of slow strain rate (SSR) tests of different grades of steel in different metallurgical conditions (weld metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal) are presented. The SSR test is an aggressive test technique and provides conservative bounds of the environmental conditions under which SCC can occur. If SCC is not found in a SSR test, it is unlikely to occur in an actual application; on the other hand, the presence of SCC in a SSR test may not necessarily affirm its occurrence in the field.

Keywords: ethanol, pipelines, stress-corrosion cracking, metallurgy, ethanol-gasoline blend ratio
There is significant interest within the pipeline industry in transporting fuel-grade ethanol (FGE) as a result of the increased usage of ethanol as an oxygenating agent for gasoline and interest in ethanol as an alternative fuel. Currently, FGE is transported primarily by railroad tanker cars, tanker trucks, and barges. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been observed in carbon steels in contact with FGE in user terminals, storage tanks, and loading/unloading racks. This paper summarizes the results of recent research, funded by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), in which the effects of ethanol-gasoline blend ratio and steel metallurgy on SCC behavior were evaluated. Results of slow strain rate (SSR) tests of different grades of steel in different metallurgical conditions (weld metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal) are presented. The SSR test is an aggressive test technique and provides conservative bounds of the environmental conditions under which SCC can occur. If SCC is not found in a SSR test, it is unlikely to occur in an actual application; on the other hand, the presence of SCC in a SSR test may not necessarily affirm its occurrence in the field.

Keywords: ethanol, pipelines, stress-corrosion cracking, metallurgy, ethanol-gasoline blend ratio
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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in fuel ethanol service has been observed in an increasing number of failures in the last few years. In the presence of oxygen, all of the samples evaluated in this study produced varying degrees of SCC, except for one of the producer ethanol samples. The reason for the high corrosion potential in this sample is still unknown and more detailed analysis of the sample chemical make-up is needed.

 
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09528 Corrosion and SCC Issues in Fuel Ethanol and Biofuels

Product Number: 51300-09528-SG
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