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09518 Underprotection of Mild Steel in Seawater and the Role of the Calcareous Film

Picture for 09518 Underprotection of Mild Steel in Seawater and the Role of the Calcareous Film
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Product Number: 51300-09518-SG
ISBN: 09518 2009 CP
Author: Elena Koroleva, Yuan Feng Yang and David Scantlebury
Publication Date: 2009
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Under normal conditions cathodically protected mild steel in seawater is also protected by a precipitated film of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, the so-called calcareous film. Under certain circumstances, underprotection can occur, for example; where current demand values are under estimated, or where structures are approaching the end of their design lives and anodes are severely reduced in size, or at cold deep water situations where the calcareous film is more soluble and reluctant to form. In these situations, a calcareous film might well occur but complete protection is probably not possible. These conditions are being studied in the laboratory using artificial seawater and protection current densities less than would be normally applied in practice. Experiments involving weight loss, ac impedance and surface analysis will be described to attempt to clarify the situation under these interesting conditions.

Key words: Cathodic protection, underprotection, weight loss, calcareous films, impedance, SEM
Under normal conditions cathodically protected mild steel in seawater is also protected by a precipitated film of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, the so-called calcareous film. Under certain circumstances, underprotection can occur, for example; where current demand values are under estimated, or where structures are approaching the end of their design lives and anodes are severely reduced in size, or at cold deep water situations where the calcareous film is more soluble and reluctant to form. In these situations, a calcareous film might well occur but complete protection is probably not possible. These conditions are being studied in the laboratory using artificial seawater and protection current densities less than would be normally applied in practice. Experiments involving weight loss, ac impedance and surface analysis will be described to attempt to clarify the situation under these interesting conditions.

Key words: Cathodic protection, underprotection, weight loss, calcareous films, impedance, SEM
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09520 Effect of Calcareous Deposit Formation on Galvanic Anode Cathodic Protection of Steel in Seawater

Product Number: 51300-09520-SG
ISBN: 09520 2009 CP
Author: Julissa L. Solis-Romero and Juan Genesca
Publication Date: 2009
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How calcareous deposits formation in seawater influences the performance of a galvanic cathodic protection (CP) system in seawater. Coupling current measured.  A resistance set between the cathode and the anode simulated circuit resistance of CP. Steel cathode potential over immersion time. Calcareous deposits analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction.
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96548 CP IN DEEP WATER: THE IMPORTANCE OF CALCAREOUS DEPOSITS AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Product Number: 51300-96548-SG
ISBN: 96548 1996 CP
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96562 MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING CALCAREOUS FILM FORMATION

Product Number: 51300-96562-SG
ISBN: 96526 1996 CP
Author: P. N. Blackburne, R. B. Griffin
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