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09254 Corrosion of 316 Stainless Steel Tubing in Ammoniacal Sulfate Solution at Supercritical Temperatures and Pressures

Picture for 09254 Corrosion of 316 Stainless Steel Tubing in Ammoniacal Sulfate Solution at Supercritical Temper
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Product Number: 51300-09254-SG
ISBN: 09254 2009 CP
Author: Edouard Asselin, Akram Alfantazi, Steven Rogak and Ghazaleh Nazari
Publication Date: 2009
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A bench-top supercritical water reactor was constructed for the purposes of conducting corrosion and fouling experiments. The reactor’s austenitic 316 stainless steel tubing was exposed to ammoniacal ammonium sulfate solution under supercritical water oxidation conditions to a maximum temperature of 500°C at 3600 PSI. Despite an initial pH of 10 at 25°C, the oxidizing ammoniacal solution led to severe alloy degradation within less than 40 minutes of exposure. Corrosion rates are estimated to be on the order of 140 to 560 mm.yr-1. The reactor tubing was sectioned and the corrosion morphology and oxide composition was analyzed. Homogeneous oxide films which were formed at lower temperatures appeared to thin between 350 and 400°C. A bi-layered inner chromium and outer iron oxide formed at temperatures between 110 and 310°C. At temperatures above 400°C the oxide appeared to be mostly chromium oxide. The results of the morphological analysis were compared to effluent analyses.

Key words: Corrosion, Supercritical Water Oxidation, Stainless Steel, Alloy 316, Ammonia, Sulfate
A bench-top supercritical water reactor was constructed for the purposes of conducting corrosion and fouling experiments. The reactor’s austenitic 316 stainless steel tubing was exposed to ammoniacal ammonium sulfate solution under supercritical water oxidation conditions to a maximum temperature of 500°C at 3600 PSI. Despite an initial pH of 10 at 25°C, the oxidizing ammoniacal solution led to severe alloy degradation within less than 40 minutes of exposure. Corrosion rates are estimated to be on the order of 140 to 560 mm.yr-1. The reactor tubing was sectioned and the corrosion morphology and oxide composition was analyzed. Homogeneous oxide films which were formed at lower temperatures appeared to thin between 350 and 400°C. A bi-layered inner chromium and outer iron oxide formed at temperatures between 110 and 310°C. At temperatures above 400°C the oxide appeared to be mostly chromium oxide. The results of the morphological analysis were compared to effluent analyses.

Key words: Corrosion, Supercritical Water Oxidation, Stainless Steel, Alloy 316, Ammonia, Sulfate
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