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03458 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS UNDER HIGHLY ACIDIC HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS IN CHLORINE DIOXIDE GENERATION

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Product Number: 51300-03458-SG
ISBN: 03458 2003 CP
Author: L.M. Dobosz
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Operating conditions of a chlorine dioxide (ClO2) generator create enormous challenges for the materials of construction. During the last two decades, advanced and chlorine-free ClO2 generation technology emerged but with an increased requirement for even more resistant materials of construction. In one of the most widely used processes, ClO2 is derived from sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid and methanol. Titanium is not resistant to sulfuric acid, but in conditions of mixed acid and chlorate, titanium demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance. For older ClO2 generators, use of Grade 2 (UNS R50400) titanium was sufficient, but newer technology has increased acid concentration and temperature. Grade 12 titanium (UNS R53400) was found to be less resistant than Grade 2. Grade 7 titanium (UNS R52400) performs very well in more severe conditions with 15-20 years life expectancy. In laboratory studies, Grade 16 titanium with lower palladium content (UNS R52402), showed similar corrosion resistance, but reduced tolerance at higher acid concentrations. The newest titanium grades, 26 (UNS R52404) and 27 (UNS R52254), are likely to match Grade 7 performance, but further trials are required.
Operating conditions of a chlorine dioxide (ClO2) generator create enormous challenges for the materials of construction. During the last two decades, advanced and chlorine-free ClO2 generation technology emerged but with an increased requirement for even more resistant materials of construction. In one of the most widely used processes, ClO2 is derived from sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid and methanol. Titanium is not resistant to sulfuric acid, but in conditions of mixed acid and chlorate, titanium demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance. For older ClO2 generators, use of Grade 2 (UNS R50400) titanium was sufficient, but newer technology has increased acid concentration and temperature. Grade 12 titanium (UNS R53400) was found to be less resistant than Grade 2. Grade 7 titanium (UNS R52400) performs very well in more severe conditions with 15-20 years life expectancy. In laboratory studies, Grade 16 titanium with lower palladium content (UNS R52402), showed similar corrosion resistance, but reduced tolerance at higher acid concentrations. The newest titanium grades, 26 (UNS R52404) and 27 (UNS R52254), are likely to match Grade 7 performance, but further trials are required.
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03455 DEFINING THE CORROSION PERFORMANCE WINDOW FOR GRADE 28 TITANIUM

Product Number: 51300-03455-SG
ISBN: 03455 2003 CP
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09078 Experience with Titanium Alloys for Oil and Gas Service

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Picture for 00588 STAINLESS STEELS IN CHLORINE DIOXIDE
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00588 STAINLESS STEELS IN CHLORINE DIOXIDE ENVIRONMENTS - PREDICTING THE POSSIBILITY OF PITTING

Product Number: 51300-00588-SG
ISBN: 00588 2000 CP
Author: Tero J. Hakkarainen
Publication Date: 2000
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Dependencies of the possibility of pitting on temperature and the chloride and sulfate contents of the environment were determined for stainless steels UNS S31726 and UNS S31254 using laboratory experiments with a strongly oxidizing chlorine dioxide environment.
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