Failure of superheater tubes in fossil-fired boilers has been associated to creep and high temperature fuel ash corrosion. Oxidizing conditions are typical of boiler environments, and under such conditions it is unlikely to have the required reducing conditions to explain carburization of boilers materials. However, several cases of carburization related to failures or high corrosion rates have been reported. The purpose of this paper is, to present a critical review on carburization process in boilers, a phenomenon much more frequent that it would be expected and, whose occurrence, has been reported in oil and coal fired boilers since 1960"s.
A description of characteristic features of reported cases on carburization in boilers is presented. Difficulties in the detection of this phenomenon are considered the cause of the scarcity of published carburization cases. The proposed carburization mechanisms are analyzed and conditions that favor the occurrence of the phenomena are discussed. Finally, a discussion on fuel ash corrosion under reducing conditions is presented.
Keywords: Boilers, carburization, corrosion, failure analysis, stainless steel, superheater, mechanisms.