AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Implementation of Strong Acid and CO2 Corrosion in CFD Software

Product Number: 51324-21225-SG

Author: Adam Cutright; Payman Sharifi; Srdjan Nesic; Bruce Brown; Muhammad Sami

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

To properly understand the necessary steps in implementing corrosion modeling into existing CFD software, it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the corrosion predictions made by the software. To do this, simulations are created that replicate experimental work performed in well understood geometries. The corrosion models are implemented in these simulations, and the resulting corrosion rates, as well as hydrodynamic and mass transfer characterizations, are compared to results from the experimental work. Presented herein is work investigating corrosion phenomena in a thin channel flow cell apparatus, as well as single phase straight pipe flow. In both geometries hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and electrochemistry have been simulated at a variety of conditions; the accuracy of the results were confirmed through comparison with experimental data and well tested correlations. Both geometries showed a high degree of agreement between the simulations and the experimental work, indicating that the methodology is viable to be used in other geometries.

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Implementing Basic Statistical Process Control in Contractor Painting Programs to Improve Quality and Maximize Profit

Product Number: 41207-365-SG

Author: Phillip K. Parson, J. Peter Ault

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Statistical Process Control (SPC) has been implemented as a key component of Total Quality Initiatives with great success in every major industry worldwide. SPC is not commonplace in the industrial and commercial coatings application business. This paper introduces the audience to SPC and provides an example of it’s application in industrial coating surface preparation.

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Implication Of Fractographic Analysis Of The In-Service Leak In An Above Ground Pipeline — Potential Role Of Hydrogen

Product Number: 51322-18022-SG

Author: Noelle Easter C. Co, Ming Gao, Ravi M. Krishnamurthy, Satya Kompally, Thomas Coates

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Fracture surface morphology is useful in determining the mechanisms involved in cracking. Features in the fracture surface of steel like micro-void coalescence or dimples are often related to ductile crack mode, while features like cleavage, and rock-candy showing grain boundary cracking are commonly related to brittle crack mode. Some fracture surface may have a predominant feature, while others may have presence of mixed features. Types of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) are commonly identified by the features present in the fracture surface. Features showing transgranular quasi-cleavage cracking are often related to near-neutral pH SCC, while features that show rock-candy intergranular cracking are often related to high-pH SCC [1].

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Implications Of NSF Std. 61 Changes And An Asset Management Based Data Driven Protocol For Potable Water Coatings Selection

Product Number: 51322-18026-SG

Author: Cameron Walker, Randy Moore, David Walker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Protective coatings are utilized for asset preservation on welded steel potable water tanks. The technology available to the Owner or Specifier is diverse and can be difficult to select the most sustainable solution. Data based service life assessment of the various coating options provides the best avenue for completing life cycle costing estimates for decision making.

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Implications of Using the Fugacity of the Acid Gases in the Design of Qualification Testing of Oilfield Tubular Materials

Product Number: 51319-12939-SG

Author: Rudolf Hausler

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The transition from partial pressure to fugacity in the assessment of acid gas activity (concentration) for the design of qualification testing of metals to be used in sour service according to MR0175/ISO 15156 entails a number of important consequences. This transition came about in the wake of oil and gas production moving off-shore to ever higher pressures and temperatures. It was recognized that multiplying total pressure by the mol fraction of H2S in the “gas phase” could no longer reflect the physicochemical realities with respect to the reactions between H2S and the metal surfaces. As a consequence it was proposed that the activity of H2S in the gas phase should be replaced by the activity (concentration) of H2S in the aqueous phase. This change in paradigm had already been accepted in the ISO Standard but not implemented. Nevertheless it stands to reason that the dissolved H2S is the active corrosion vector rather than the H2S in the gas phase.An unintended consequence of this shift in thinking lies in the fact that a very large number of Heritage Metals have been qualified for partial pressure criteria as specified in MR0175/ISO-15156 by the use of the Crolet Diagram i.e. as function of pH vs. pH2S. In order to overcome this difficulty it is proposed to generate an array of look-up tables preferably in electronic form to translate the experimental conditions from pH2S to cH2S. This translation has to be made as a function of the test parameters (to the extent they may be known) as well as the field parameters. In parallel the pH2S axis in the Crolet diagram will need to be changed to a cH2S axis. In this manner it will be possible to assign to existing test data corresponding field conditions or vice versa specific field conditions can be used to select the appropriate metal from existing test data.An additional outcome of this methodology will be a quantitative assessment of the excess conservatism practiced in the past.

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Importance of HF Acid Concentration on the Effect of Residual Elements

Product Number: 51319-13428-SG

Author: Huang Lin

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Past HF alkylation operation experience and several industry research projects have reported that the carbon steel corrosion rate in HF acid is strongly affected by the residual elements (RE) content (Cu Ni and Cr). Low RE carbon steel has been recommended for new construction of carbon steel equipment and piping in main acid service trace acid service and dilute HF service in API 751.However one aspect that is often overlooked is the effect of the local concentration of HF acid on low RE steel. At low concentrations low RE carbon steel can be subject to preferential corrosion when it is coupled with high RE carbon steel. Normally only the bulk HF concentration in a process stream is available. It is challenging to determine the actual local HF acid concentration in a practical manner. This paper discusses the possible variations of HF acid concentration in typical HF alkylation processing systems and the corresponding effects of RE on HF corrosion. Possible electrochemical mechanisms of RE on HF corrosion are also studied. Several RE related preferential HF corrosion cases reported in the past have also been reevaluated from the HF acid concentration point of view. Evaluation of actual local HF acid concentration is strongly recommended when low RE carbon steel is applied. This can be more critical to the modified HF alkylation process which utilizes modified HF with a lower volatility and can have different HF concentration in the fractionation section.

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Importance Of Quality Control Of Wear Resistant Overlays In Oil Sands Production Operations.

Product Number: 51322-17838-SG

Author: Satya Kompally, Jeff Liu

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Canadian Oil Sands mining operations have been producing oil from sand ore from the early 1960s. Oil Sands mainly consists of high hardness quartz, silica, bitumen and water. Bitumen production processes include mining the sand, washing it with hot water, slurry transportation, tailing disposal and bitumen production. Abrasion, gouging wear, impact wear, erosion and erosion-corrosion are predominant degradation mechanisms in Oil Sand mining operations.

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Importance of Steel Alloying Elements in Geothermal Environment – Nickel Sulphur Interactions

Product Number: 51321-16435-SG

Author: Svava Davíðsdóttir/Andri Í. Þórhallsson/Sæmundur Guðlaug/Kolbrún Ragna Ragnarsdóttir//Dagur Ingi Ólafsson/sson/James D. Maddison

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Important Factors in Pipe Butt Welding of Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) UNS S32760 Using the GTAW Welding Process

Product Number: MPWT19-14287

Author: Dr. Glenn Byrne

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The paper considers best practice to realise the optimum combination of strength, toughness,
corrosion resistance and radiographic integrity in UNS S32760 pipe girth welds made using the
GTAW process.
Aspects of fit up, tacking, root gap are considered. The effect of weld heat input and heat input
control through the thickness of the joint, welding technique, inter pass temperature control and
the use of different combinations of shielding and backing gasses on corrosion resistance of
joints is presented. Current specification, procedure and welder qualification requirements are
discussed, as is the need for supplementary testing, in particular quantitative microstructural
evaluation.

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Improve Atmospheric Column Overhead Corrosion Mitigation through Cloud-Based, Continuous Salt Point Corrosion Monitoring

Product Number: MECC23-19941-SG

Author: Ezequiel Vicent

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion in atmospheric column overheads in refineries presents significant challenges to the integrity and efficiency of these critical units. To mitigate the detrimental effects of corrosion, effective monitoring and control strategies are essential. This conference paper introduces an innovative approach to enhance corrosion mitigation in atmospheric column overheads through cloud-based, continuous salt point corrosion monitoring.

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Improved Biocide Treatment Programs for Targeted Reservoir Integrity

Product Number: MECC23-19922-SG

Author: K.M Sreenivas; Nair Subhash; Jon Raymond; Kenneth Wunch

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Biocides play a critical role in the oil and gas industry as they are used as chemical additives during drilling, completions, and water-flooding operations. Their primary purpose is to prevent various problems such as the formation of biogenic H2S, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), and reservoir plugging caused by microbial growth. With advancements in horizontal drilling and well completion technologies, the economic exploration of unconventional energy resources has become possible alongside traditional drilling methods.

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Improved Cathodic Protection Current Distribution for Above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms Due to Low Resistivity Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor Use

Product Number: 51322-17666-SG

Author: Sujay Math

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In this paper, the CP current distribution with changing resistivities and the area of influence required to meet effective CP criteria, is studied. The results indicate that the tank pad electrolyte resistivity plays a significant role in achieving uniform CP current distribution. The paper also explores the use of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) and its effect on electrolyte resistivity and the resulting CP current distribution.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance