AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Effects of Vapor Corrosion Inhibition on Corrosion of Secondary Liner in Double Shell Tanks at Hanford

Product Number: 51319-13369-SG

Author: Pavan Shukla

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

High level radioactive waste is stored in 28 double shell tanks (DSTs) at Hanford. The secondary shell rests on a concrete pad that have indentations that provide a path for flow in case there is a leak for detection. It Is known that water can accumulate in the concrete indentations that needs to be pumped out of the pad from time to time. Ultrasonic tests have determined that there is some thinning of the bottom walls of the secondary tank that may have been caused by general and vapor space corrosion (VSC). A set of experiments were established by using a commercially available vapor corrosion inhibitor (VCI) to test its efficacy in mitigating general and VSC corrosion when it is applied at the surface of carbon steel and when is added into the water. Electrical resistance (ER) probes were also utilized to measure VCI efficacy at a level close to the liquid. The paper will present results of the testing and efficacy of VCIs in mitigating the vapor space corrosion of the secondary liner.

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Effects on the Edge Corrosion Protection Capacity of Organic Coatings

Product Number: 41211-634-SG

Author: Sascha Buchbach, Peter Plagemann , Andreas W. Momber

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

The paper reports about the results of laboratory investigations on edges prepared with different tools and painted with different coating systems for applications in water ballast tanks. The laboratory test scenarios were already described in a presentation delivered at PACE 2010, and this paper is the second part of that presentation.

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Efficacy Of MIL-DTL-5541 Compliant Non-Chromate Conversion Coating Repair Materials

Product Number: 51322-17625-SG

Author: David G. Enos, Derek Wichhart

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Chromate conversion coatings are relied upon to ensure the long-term corrosion performance and surface electrical properties of aluminum alloys, as well as to improve the bond strength and adhesive properties of organic coatings and adhesives. Chromate based chemistries have been all but eliminated in Europe, and it is believed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will stage their elimination in the USA within the next 5 to 10 years. The development of chemistries to replace chromate has been a hot area of research for over 30 years, and now a series of commercial alternatives have become available. These new coatings differ in their chemistry and performance characteristics, as well as their functional limitations, from chromate.

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Efficiency of Cathodic Protection of Stainless Steel in Confined Area - Further Understanding of the Protection Mechanism through Experimental Testing and Modeling

Product Number: 51324-20639-SG

Author: Charles Leballeur; Jean Vittonato; Nicolas Larché; Hervé Marchebois

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Cathodic protection (CP) of carbon steel has been extensively studied for structures exposed to the open sea. However, the knowledge and data available for carbon steel cannot be directly applied to stainless steels, especially in the case of confined surfaces that are prone to crevice corrosion. In the context of stainless steels, confined surfaces (such as the contact surfaces of fasteners or valves) are critical zones as crevice corrosion represents the primary failure mode for passive alloys in seawater. With CP, the local potential achieved in confinement areas is highly dependent on various factors, including the actual geometries (crevice gap, length, local pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), ohmic drops, etc.). These factors can raise questions about the actual efficiency of CP if the current cannot reach the confined area. Conversely, if sufficient current can reach the confined area, the risk of hydrogen embrittlement (especially for strain-hardened or precipitation hardened alloys) should be taken into consideration. A specific experimental setup has been constructed to characterize the electrochemical behavior of stainless steel in a confined environment and the physicochemical properties of the confined seawater. The results have shown a complete deaeration of the confined seawater under all test conditions, along with an increase of the pH when CP is applied. The tests have also highlighted the significant impact of slight crevice gap variation on the current distribution. Based on the experimental findings, polarization curves representing confined environments have been generated. These curves have been integrated into a finite element model, allowing for the extrapolation of the experimental results to different crevice geometries. After a few centimeters, little to no current should be able to reach the confined surfaces if the crevice gap is inferior to 10µm. However, the risk of corrosion of stainless steels remains limited due to the local CP-induced chemistry at the interface. The CP also mitigates the ohmic drop in the confined area which also tend to reduce the risk of crevice corrosion.

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Efficient Polyurethane Pipe Coatings for Harsh Conditions

Product Number: 41214-869-SG

Author: Andreas aus der Wieschen, Matthias Wintermantel, Todd Williams, Ahren Olsen

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

Solvent-free two component polyurethane (2-K-PU) systems have been approved as suitable protective coatings systems since many years. Two component polyurethanes are favored within pipeline and tank constructions where high performance and durability have to be accomplished under harsh conditions (e.g., field application, high service temperatures, high salt load, wet soil conditions etc.).

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EIS Evaluation of Single Layer Coating Performance in Corrosive Environments

Product Number: 51220-257-SG

Author: Donald C. Lawson III

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Substrate preparation which includes the removal of contaminates, abrading or etching to create a surface profile via mechanical or chemical methods have a major impact on the adhesion performance of applied coatings. For coatings, a primary performance characteristic is adhesion after exposure to corrosive environments. One of the consequences of corrosion forming under a coating is the loss of adhesion or delamination of the coating.

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EIS study of iron corrosion in aqueous solutions at various concentrations of dissolved H2S. Impact of oxygen contamination

Product Number: 51319-13041-SG

Author: Jean Kittel

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Mildly acidic water containing dissolved H2S presents a strong risk in the cracking of mild steels. The main driving force is associated with the ability of H2S to promote hydrogen entry into steel. Lots of studies on H2S cracking mechanisms have been performed for oil and gas applications since it is a huge concern for this industrial sector. Standard test methods have been developed and published as NACE technical methods (e.g. NACE TM0284 and NACE TM0177). Though it is recognized that oxygen pollution should be avoided during H2S cracking tests there is still a lack of experimental data to illustrate the potential impacts of a small oxygen pollution. In standard glass vessels used for the evaluation of steel resistance to H2S cracking appropriate test procedures should allow for the controlling of O2 levels below 50 ppb. However higher values can be reached in the case of poor laboratory practices.In the following study continuous O2 injection at a level corresponding to 500 ppb is applied together with H2S bubbling in the test solutions. This paper will focus on the interactions between oxygen and H2S on electrochemical behavior of unalloyed steel. A test duration of the same order of standard SSC tests is applied. Surface reactions in H2S saturated water with or without oxygen pollution are studied through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. EIS diagrams showed a strong influence of the highly porous and conductive iron sulfide scale that forms rapidly in H2S environments. This FeS film had to be taken into account in the impedance model in the form of a porous electrode element placed in parallel to the more conventional circuit corresponding to anodic dissolution with adsorbed intermediates already used in the literature for H2S corrosion.The evolution of corrosion rates obtained from impedance analysis was compared to two other independent methods: i/ weight loss measurements and ii/ hydrogen permeation. Without O2 pollution a permeation efficiency of 100% was obtained as expected. Permeation current density was thus found to match precisely with the corrosion current density determined by impedance analysis at different times. Weight-loss measurements also confirmed the validity of impedance analysis. On the other hand when a continuous O2 pollution was added in the system significantly higher corrosion rates were observed associated with test solution acidification. At the same time permeation efficiency was decreased by up to one order of magnitude.

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EIS Study on the Behavior of High Performance Topcoats Over Metal Substrates

Product Number: 51219-201-SG

Author: Donald C. Lawson III

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to evaluate the influence of a topcoat to impact corrosion protection after accelerated exposure testing (QUV, xenon arc, Prohesion). The ability to monitor early undercoat corrosion, at progressive stages of the accelerated weathering tests, was a major factor in selecting the EIS testing method.

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Elastomer and Plastic Compatibility With a Pyrolysis-Derived Bio-Oil

Product Number: 51319-13566-SG

Author: Raynella Connatser

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Polymer compatibilty with key infrastructure elastomers and plastics was determined using a neat bio-oil that was derived via fast-pyrolysis of woody biomass. The elastomers were exposed to the bio-oil in a sealed container for 4 weeks while the plastics were exposed for 16 weeks. The bio-oil was kept at ambient temperatures (approximately 20C) and atmopsheric pressures.The mass volume change and hardness were measured and compared to the original starting values. These results were compared to identical specimens exposed to neat diesel fuel for baseline comparison. The results provide a useful comparison of assessing bio-oil compatibilty with existing infrastructure materials.

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Elastomer Compatibility with a Pyrolysis-derived Bio-oil

Product Number: 51320-14613-SG

Author: Michael D. Kass , Christopher J. Janke, Samuel A. Lewis, Sr., James R. Keiser, Raynella M. Connatser

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The compatibility of fueling infrastructure elastomers in bio-oil and diesel fuel was determined by measuring the volume swell and hardness before and after drying. The bio-oil was produced via fast pyrolysis from a blend of pine feedstocks. The elastomer materials included two fluorocarbons, six acrylonitirile butadiene rubbers (NBRs), fluorosilicone, styrene butadiene rubber, neoprene, polyurethane, neoprene, silicone, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), a blend of NBR and PVC (OZO), and a blend of epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide (ECO). The majority of the elastomer materials (except for EPDM, SBR and silicone) exhibited higher volume expansion in bio-oil than in diesel. Excessive swelling was noted for the polyurethane, neoprene and three of the NBRs. In general, the higher polarity of these elastomers more closely aligned with the polarities of the bio-oil versus the diesel fuel. Conversely, EPDM, SBR, and silicone are relatively nonpolar and this matches the low polarity of the diesel fuel, which resulted in higher volume expansion in diesel, rather than the bio-oil for these four polymers.

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Elastomeric Coatings: A Qualitative Failure Analysis

Product Number: 51219-171-SG

Author: N. Alrafie, R.E.Moon, M.Bass

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

For decades, waterproofing has been a major concern and a widely researched topic by building scientists and forensic engineers. Elastomeric coatings have been broadly used in different applications since the early 1950s. Manufacturer’s recommendations for the proper application of elastomeric coatings are often based on laboratory conditions (75oF and 50% RH) rather than extreme conditions posed by the real world. This study examines the failure of elastomeric roof coating exposed to conditions of high temperature (150°F) and water pooling caused by precipitation.

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Elastrometric Acrylic Coatings for Use on Commercial Structures

Product Number: 41213-777-SG

Author: Leo Procopio

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

The protection of commercial buildings from the elements is a major function of the coatings used in new build and maintenance applications. Waterborne elastomeric acrylic coatings represent an important category of coatings used in both residential and commercial architectural painting.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance