AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Effect of Time on High Temperature Naphthenic Acid and Sulfur Corrosion of Carbon Steel under Continuous Oil Flow Conditions

Product Number: 51321-16413-SG

Author: Prince Kumar Baranwal/Winston Robbins/Gheorghe Bota

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Effect of Trace Concentrations of H2S Introduced to Existing Sweet Corrosion Product Layers

Product Number: 51323-19261-SG

Author: Adam Cutright, Bruce Brown, David Young

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A 2002 study estimated the annual cost associated with corrosion of gas pipelines to be around $5 billion. Corrosion of oil and gas pipelines continues to pose a major issue in the oil and gas industry due to the combination of brine produced with the oil and the type of acid gas present which can lead to significant internal corrosion. Oil and gas reservoirs can be separated into two categories, sweet and sour.

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Effect of Trench Breaker Foams on Pipeline Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51317--9381-SG

ISBN: 9381 2017 CP

Author: Sujay Math

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Two different types of foams, open cell (low density) and closed cell (high density), were used. The testing was conducted on two FBE-coated pipelines buried in a trench with various foaming system combinations applied as breakers.

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Effect of Various Engineering Design Variables on Oxidation in High Temperature Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51319-13243-SG

Author: Florent Bocher

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Various type of specimens were exposed at 450°C and 1100 psi in pure supercritical CO2(sCO2) for over 1 month. The exposure was performed in order to assess the effect of various variables on the oxidation of materials used in supercritical CO2 at high temperature.Variable such as temperature and pressure are fairly well covered in the literature. Other identified variables such as contaminants and coatings have been partially addressed. Additional variables of interest such as welding stress corrosion cracking galvanic issues or crevices have not been studied.Welding changes the local microstructure due to the high temperature in the vicinity of the weld. The chromium will diffuse to the grain boundaries and the chromium concentration in the matrix will drop significantly. Consequently the corrosion resistance near the weld will drop. Since welding will likely be used in the manufacturing process it is recommended to test coupons containing the heat affected zone near a weld.Galvanic corrosion occurs when two materials with different electrochemical potentials are in contact with a corrosive environment. There is usually very little change in corrosion rates when materials with similar composition are in contact. However there may be some issue in the case of nickel alloys/stainless steel couples. It has also been suggested in the literature that galvanic corrosion may not be an issue because sCO2is not considered an electrolyte. However it may be of interest to electrically couple two samples of different material (stainless steel and nickel alloy) and measure the weight change of each sample individually after exposure to assess galvanic corrosion.Stress corrosion cracking combines the effect of applied stresses and corrosive environment leading to accelerated crack growth of a susceptible material due to its microstructure.Crevice corrosion may occur within the occluded site of two sandwiched specimens of identical material.Mass loss micro-hardness and SEM/EDS inspection of the specimen cross sections were used to measure the extent of oxidation. The welded specimens wee of both martensitic stainless steel 410 and austenitic stainless steel 310. The galvanic corrosion specimens were stainless steel 410 coupled to nickel alloy 625. The crevice corrosion specimens were two martensitic alloy 410 specimens coupled together. Stress corrosion cracking was studied using C-ring specimens.

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Effect Of Varying H2S Content On High Temperature Corrosion Of Austenitic Alloys In A Pyrolysis Process Of Post-Consumer Plastics

Product Number: 51322-17552-SG

Author: Manuela Nimmervoll, Roland Haubner, Gregor Mori, Stefan Hönig

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pyrolysis processes of post-consumer plastics are a promising chemical recycling route and a good alternative to disposal. Nevertheless, these processes are challenging for metallic materials since chlorine containing materials or biological components inside the feedstock can yield HCl and H2S, respectively, during cracking. In combination with high temperatures of the reactor zone metallic construction materials can be attacked by high-temperature corrosion.

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Effect of W on Phase Transformation Kinetics and Its Correlation With Localized Corrosion Resistance for UNS S39274

Product Number: 51319-13233-SG

Author: Cristian Torres

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Previous research in 25Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSS) has shown that an optimal W concentration—as an element in solid solution—exists in which W improves localized corrosion resistance. Outside this range W is either ineffective or even detrimental. However the mechanisms by which W improves localized corrosion resistance are unclear. For example debate still exists as to whether W enhances passivity or facilitates repassivation. Furthermore it is even less clear whether W accelerates or retards the precipitation of deleterious phases such as χ– and σ–phase.The objective of this investigation is to elucidate the influence of W on phase transformation kinetics and its corresponding effect on crevice corrosion resistance. Herein two SDSS have been investigated: a W-free (UNS S32750) and a 2.1 wt% W-containing (UNS S39274) grade. First different isothermal heat treatments were performed to force the precipitation of tertiary phases in the microstructure. The alloy microstructure was analyzed and quantified by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and the type distribution and volume fraction of deleterious phases quantified.After characterization creviced samples—as per ISO 18070—were exposed to natural seawater extracted from 80 meters depth from the Trondheim Fjord. Creviced samples were exposed under three different conditions; 1) freely exposed at OCP ii) polarized to +300 mVAg/AgCl and iii) polarized to +600 mVAg/AgCl. During the exposure the potential evolution was monitored for all samples while the anodic current was measured for ii) and iii). The critical crevice temperature (CCT) was determined by increasing the solution temperature in 5ºC per week until crevice corrosion initiation was observed. After initiation the temperature was decreased 2.5ºC every 48 hours until repassivation was achieved. The temperature at which crevice corrosion ceased to grow was defined as the critical crevice repassivation temperature (CCRT).

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Effect Of Water Chemistry On Crack Growth Rates In Neutron Irradiated X-750 And XM-19

Product Number: ED22-17287-SG

Author: John Jackson, Drew Johnson, Robert G. Carter, Michael Heighes, Peter L. Andresen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

As the current reactor fleet continues to age, with many reactors wanting to extend operational licenses beyond their initial 40 lifetime, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how structural materials in these reactor environments will degrade over time. A critical material degradation mode which can limit the lifetime of reactor components is irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC). As the name implies, a material must be subjected to both a corrosive environment as well as mechanical stresses while the original material microstructure has been affected by irradiation.

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Effect of Water Soluble Salts Affecting Long-Term Durability of Epoxy Coating on Carbon Steels

Product Number: 51317--9284-SG

ISBN: 9284 2017 CP

Author: Chuljung Kim

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The effect of soluble salts on long-term durability of carbon steels coated with epoxy paint. A surface was contaminated by different soluble salt concentrations. Based on NORSOK M-501 and ISO 20340, immersion and cathodic disbonding test were done for 6 months.

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Effect of Zn2+ and Pb2+ on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Sulphide Scale Forming H2S - Containing Environments

Product Number: 51324-20765-SG

Author: Olawale Frank; Frederick Pessu

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The kinetics of sulphides forming species such as Zn2+, Pb2+ and Fe2+ encountered in geothermal energy systems has the potential to influence the overall corrosion behaviour; uniform and pitting, of carbon steel used in technical equipment. This project investigates the effect of the Zn2+, Pb2+ and Fe2+ within the bulk brine chemistry, on the evolution and surface deposition of sulphide scales; ZnS, PbS and/or FeS at 80oC. The effect of surface deposition of sulphide scales on corrosion product formation, and the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel was investigated over 48 hours. In-situ electrochemical techniques such as LPR was combined with SEM- EDX, and XRD techniques to characterise the electrochemical responses, the composition and morphology of sulphide scales and corrosion product respectively. The extent of pitting corrosion damage on the metal surface was also investigated using white light interferometry. The results shows that bulk precipitation of ZnS & PbS and its subsequent surface deposition directly lowers the bulk pH of the corrosion environment. This was observed to have a direct impact on the overall corrosion characteristics of the corroding interface of carbon steel; this includes effect on FeS morphology, formation kinetics and uniform and pitting corrosion characteristics.

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Effective Corrosion Inhibitor Formulation for Carbon Steel in Downhole Sweet Gas Wells

Product Number: 51323-19009-SG

Author: Ime Bassey Obot, Ahmad A. Sorour, Tao Chen, Qiwei Wang

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion of the internal surfaces of pipelines is one of the serious issues facing the oil and gas industry. Produced oil and gas always contain some water mixed with brines and contain varying amounts of carbon dioxide (sweet gas), hydrogen sulfide (sour gas) and organic acids1. All of these can affect the integrity of the low-carbon steel pipes used in the construction of downhole gas wells. CO2 gas, along with the high salt content of production water, causes serious corrosion on the internal walls of corrosion resistance alloys (CRAs) and steel pipelines used in downhole gas wells.

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Effective Inorganic Salt Corrosion Inhibitors for Titanium Components Exposed to Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid Well Stimulation Fluids

Product Number: 51317--8978-SG

ISBN: 8978 2017 CP

Author: Ronald Schutz

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This laboratory corrosion test screening program is specifically aimed at identifying practical, common inorganic salts which, when added to warm dilute HF solutions, provides effective corrosion inhibition for UNS R56404(ASTM Grade 29 Titanium).

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Effective Pipeline Corrosion Monitoring in Regions Impacted by External DC Polarization Factors

Product Number: 51324-21132-SG

Author: Angel R. Kowalski; Jason Charles Land; W. Brain Holtsbaum

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Effective pipeline external corrosion control can be achieved by maintaining an adequate balance between the coating condition and the cathodic protection level. When a pipeline is in a corridor shared with parallel buried pipelines and high voltage alternating current (HVAC) power transmission lines, determining the adequacy of the cathodic protection (CP) system becomes a challenge. Misinterpretation of data being collected, or unreliable data can lead to the implementation of either ineffective or excessive mitigation programs for these pipelines. To obtain a better representation of the year-round performance of the CP system, additional testing to the conventional adjustive survey or close interval potential survey (CIPS or CIS) might be required on transmission pipelines collocated in HVAC corridors. The variation of the structure-to-electrolyte potential values over time and the effect of polarization cell replacement (PCR) units should be assessed when determining the level of polarization of the pipeline. Data from a case study is analyzed to illustrate additional testing procedures required to minimize the effects of HVAC systems when monitoring the CP level on transmission pipelines. The proper interpretation of the field monitoring data allows pipeline operators to develop and implement effective corrosion control mitigation plans.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance